Don't Get Narcissism Mixed Up With Alzheimer's Disease. How Similar Are They? Comes With a Discussion on Brain Science in Narcissistic Families and in Alzheimer's Disease

One of the reasons I am bringing this to your attention is because I had mistakened dementia for narcissism with someone in my life at one time. In the beginning, she was sweet, thought extra-marital affairs were incredibly damaging to family and partners, was remarkably even-tempered and thoughtful, believed in a healthy diet, hated cigarette smoke, and appeared to love me and appreciate me. In fact she made big complicated meals when I'd go to her house for a visit.

Then she turned into the opposite as she aged, turning cruel - very unnerving. She was eating a lot of sweets constantly, and also let food rot in the refirigerator and even served it up that way. She took up smoking cigarettes, was having affairs, was inappropriate in touching someone, was dysregulated emotionally in a way I had never seen from her before. She got both paranoid and frightened but also careless and not frightened by issues that would normally frighten others. She was sensitive to the smallest slight where she hadn't been before. She seemed progressively intolerant of other people, seemed remarkably critical of others and unhappy in a way I hadn't seen before either. She blamed others for her unhappiness, raged about things that seemed inconsequential, created a "walking on eggsells environment", and was rejecting of others over minutae. Before then, she seemed to have no narcissistic traits. 

But because I wasn't studied up on psychology enough in those days, I assumed that she was a closet narcissist, perhaps of the vulnerable covert type that can suddenly surprise you, and not in a pleasant way. I had that "Oh, no!" kind of feeling upon seeing this drastic change in her.

Then I took care of her even though it wasn't my duty, and she wasn't my relative. She seemed quite vulnerable after an incident outside her house in the middle of the night. She was deaf and the incident was quite alarming, so I stayed with her until someone else could step in. 

At some point, I was unceremoniously kicked out and never knew why.

After years of silence between us, she contacted me and said that she missed me.

Then I thought she might be trying to hoover me in some way, and I grew suspicious, backed away, afraid it was an idealize, devalue and discard cycle which is an abuse cycle narcissists use. I just didn't want to be in that cycle, and I felt pretty sure I would be.

A month later she died of Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home.

Then I found out she had left me something in her Will. Upon being contacted about that, I felt so beside myself with guilt, so confused. I thought, "This isn't characteristic of narcissists! Did I get something wrong about her?"

I did get something wrong. She had Alzheimer's, and Alzheimer's can mimic narcissism. A lot.

If you read any post in this blog, I hope you read this one and do not make the mistake I did.

Here are some cross-over traits:

* Can a person take things really personally when they have Alzheimer's? Yes.  
* Can a person with Alzheimers over-react when they feel criticized? Yes, very common - this is one that threw me off personally. When someone gets snippy, overly defensive, and shows aggression, passive-aggressveness or hostility, the alarm bells go off in my head and I usually have the knee jerk reaction of backing off, and minimizing my presence in the relationship. After all, it's the big narcissism detector for a lot of people ... except it may not be narcissism; it may be Alzheimer's instead, something I did not know then. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to have a lack of empathy? Yes. For a person with Alzheimer's and a person with Narcissistic Personality Disorder it is caused by brain atrophe, except the person with Alzheimer's will decline quite rapidly in cognitive abilities than the narcissist will. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's seem really manipulative? Yes, very much so. 
* Can a person with Alzheimers ghost you? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimers appear to gaslight you? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's start blame-shifting a lot? Yes. Very common. 
* Can a person with Alzheimers appear to be antagonistically inclined? Yes.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear selfish and self centered? Yes, frequently. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's reject you for no reason? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to do things just to get attention? Yes.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be hyper critical and mean? Yes. Even verbal abuse can be present. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be exploitative? Yes. Symptoms include financial aggression and hoarding, impulsive spending, accusatory behavior, selfish and demanding behavior. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be controlling? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be domineering? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be argumentative? Yes, even aggressive and angry. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to have a favorite child?  Yes. It's usually a child who offers the most stability and caretaking. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's cheat on their spouse? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's have impulsive or inappropriate sex? Yes. - that link points to an article about it (partial, copied here in dark red):
Yes, people with Alzheimer’s or other dementias can exhibit impulsive, inappropriate, or increased sexual behavior (hypersexuality) due to brain damage. This is a common symptom resulting from loss of inhibition, reduced judgment, or a need for affection, often caused by frontotemporal lobe atrophy. * Key Aspects of Impulsive Sexual Behavior in Dementia: What it looks like: Actions can include inappropriate touching, public undressing, masturbation in public, or explicit, uncharacteristic sexual comments.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to stop loving their children? Yes. They may appear cold or to have forgotten their child.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be abusive? Yes. 
* Can a person with Alzheimer's be violent and dangerous? Yes, especially in mid - late stages.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be playing the victim of someone else? Yes.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's steal from others? Yes, but it is rarely with malicious intent.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's triangulate in relationships? Sort of. With real narcissists, there is a calculated, complex manipulation behind it or Machiavellian behaviors with dark triad type of personalities. With Alzheimer's it appears as drama, accusations and fear of abandonment.
* Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to be sadistic? Yes.

*But most of all: Can a person with Alzheimer's appear to have Narcissistic Personality Disorder? Yes.

In other words, you may not be able to tell the difference between someone with Alzheimer's and Narcissistic Personality Disorder, especially in the elderly. 

Except to make things confusing, what is the earliest age you can get Alzheimer's? 30s, 40s and 50s.

The person I am referring to above was comparatively young when she died. In most ways, she seemed like someone who would live to ninety or a hundred, just as people in her family did. It did not come to be. 

To make things yet even more confusing, look at this:

Do people with Narcissistic Personality Disorder end up with dementia more frequently than others do? Yes, there is increased risk and a more rapid cognitive decline once they are diagnosed. That link goes to an article, and a part of the article says this (typed in dark red):

Key Findings on Narcissism and Dementia

* Structural Brain Changes: Studies have found that individuals with narcissistic traits show reduced gray matter in brain regions responsible for empathy and emotional regulation, similar to areas affected in dementia.

* Increased Vulnerability: Research has indicated that high levels of "narcissistic vulnerability" (a facet of narcissism) may be linked to a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, this study from Austin Publishing Group indicates.

* Exacerbation of Symptoms: Dementia often causes a person's underlying personality traits to become more rigid; in the case of NPD, this can intensify narcissistic traits, making the person more demanding, critical, and unmanageable.

* Diagnostic Challenges: Because narcissists may refuse to admit vulnerability or cognitive decline, they may avoid seeking medical help, which can lead to a delayed dementia diagnosis, according to this video on YouTube.

For me it begs the question, "Can Narcissistic Personality Disorder be a type of Alzheimer's?" For that I did not get a clear answer except that there are similarities and there can be a mis-diagnosis. The same answer came up when I replaced the word Alzheimer's with "dementia". 

BRAIN STUDIES

One thing I find over and over again in forums (this is just one) is that it is very common for a golden child to end up bullying siblings (go directly to Google AI and the suggested articles on the side). This is especially true as a narcissistic parent ages. You can also read what happened in this regard in Peep's comments section in this post. Or just Google around - there is plenty of information about this phenomenon. 

Also, narcissism often appears in children and then they grow out of it. A Golden child is less likely to grow out of it. And then they may get the kind of dementia that mimics the more severe cases of narcissism when they are old. If they are a golden child, they learn that they are entitled to special treatment, and exempt from rules or following ethics. They are also taught to compete to stay on top in terms of special privileges. When they are not "shining bright" and making the parent look good, this is the time that scapegoats may be hoovered temporarily to get the golden child jealous of the scapegoat. 

In contrast, family scapegoats become independent-minded and independent in their decisions, and experience rapid emotional maturity and adopt resilience because they learn at an early age not to trust because of the invalidations and gaslighting in narcissistic families, unless they can be brainwashed to believe in non-truths, that they are flawed, and other kinds of nonsense. 

We also know that the brains of narcissists and people with Alzheimer's are atrophied. 

And while family scapegoats don't have atrophied brains, their cognitive abilities can be impaired during times of abuse and high stress until they heal. Being traumaized interferes with the neuroplasticity of the brain too - that link tells how. What may be interesting about the link is that the brain "disrupts neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin",  producing a kind of on-going "sad effect" and depression. 

I think any scapegoat can relate to having depression. 

While the rest of the family gets rid of accountability by trying to transfer their own blame, unhappiness, depression, and sins on to the scapegoat, the scapegoat begins to feel like an outsider because of the hopeless situation of being chronically sad while the rest of the family indulges in happy pastimes.

Only when the chemical change happens (getting out of depressive and sad thoughts, and usually by greatly minimizing contact, or using techniques like the DEEP method, or ending contact with the family altogether), does the brain's neuroplasticity start to function the way it is supposed to function. 

In forums I've heard stories where a family tries to convince a scapegoat that they are crazy, stupid and inept. Sometimes poor grades exacerbate these judgements. However, once that scapegoat found out they had a narcissistic family and went low contact as a teenager, and no contact during college, they excelled, got on the dean's list, won scholarships, and got to the top in their careers. Most of the scapegoats I know are highly, highly successful (some are even famous), more successful than their peers by a long shot. Most did not party, or party as much as their peers in college, and are able to snap back even when sabotaged. Most of them are in the arts (music, visual arts, dance or writing), and considering what happened to them, it is remarkable that they excel in these hard-to-make-money careers. 

There are a few scapegoats who were too disabled or depressed, or went the way of addictions or on-going depression, or believed in the family brainwashing who aren't successful, but I found them to be in the minority. 

For scapegoats who pushed themselves to be successful in a field, the greatest challenge in life was giving up on their family of origin, the utter heartbreak of it all, the years of struggling to survive afterwards (often alone, with no support, and even sabotaged by proxy from members of their family), the realization that all members would be talked into false narratives, and all of the healing challenges that come afterwards - sometimes years and years of trauma therapy, or the compulsion to keep returning over and over again, only to find themselves in much worse conditions in their family than they were in before. 

Only until they can go through this "ring of fire" of "no contact" with narcissists, do their minds start to change, and their abilities and resilience have a dominant place in their life. Usually when depression and sadness are no longer part of your everyday experience, everything changes pretty drastically. That is what I have seen in scapegoats.

If I was to have some poetic license, I'd say that the scapegoat is like a rubber band that is sabotaged by pulling it back. However, when it is let go (through a narcissistic discard or through a scapegoat initiating no contact), they tend to fly. Perhaps the further they are pulled back, the further they fly. Why? Because a really subtle sabotage is more likely to be believed as necessary than an extremely obvious and hurtful sabotage.  

On the other hand, for the members who have gone down the narcissistic road, the less accountability and empathy a person feels, the more atrophied their brains are. - This link points to research that is significantly pointing this way at the time of this writing (go directly to Google AI and the 27 sites that discuss this). 

Anyway, using these facts, what I have to say in the next paragraph is both fact sprinkled with a little speculation (the links are usually facts). 

The more entitled golden child (as opposed to the "good-slave-for-the-parent" type of enabling golden child) is raised to be a fighter, to compete, to win, to please otherwise critical people or narcissists with power, to beat down competition and align with the powerful to get more power, prestige and money. They learn that power is the be-all and end-all in terms of both survival, types of relationships to be in, and the kind of resilience it takes to be first, way ahead of their siblings in terms of family resources, privilege, accomodation, and approval. And, like the narcissistic parent, they manipulate and triangulate so that they can stay on top. 

The scapegoat is raised to be independent whether that's the narcissistic parent's intention or not, to be resilient and mature because they go through childhood being intermittently ignored or rejected. They are taught, unintentionally I'd imagine, to be blamed for things that aren't true (gaslighting - where the signal to the scapegoat is to be independent of a narcissist's opinions, approval and reasoning processes), shamed over things that are speculative or belief-oriented (invalidations - where the signal to the scapegoat is to be perceptive, wary of the narcissistic parent, and resistant to false narratives and the potential of false narratives about them in most situations), to get triggered and highly anxious when they are expected to compete, and given a carrot stick every now and then to keep them in this awful game or role. And by the way, the role is seen as absolutely essential, so carrot sticks become necessary for the scapegoat's continued family involvement.

However, most scapegoats can't endure this role for a whole lifetime because they get sick both physically and mentally, and as I've remarked above, they are too sad to move forward in this role.

In order to continue to survive and be resilient they have to put in herculean efforts to heal (every day practices to change their brains and ways of thinking through procedures, methods, certain kinds body exercises, emotional excercises, and not giving into learned helplessness, not giving into despair and a disabled state - if they have the money for all of the therapy needed to get back on their feet). Depending on how long they've put up with abuse, and the varying types of abuse and stresses they've lived through, they have to heal or they'll die - at least that is what many of them come to think. For the family, the scapegoat's disappearance into healing is either an afront to their ego, their "perfect image" of themselves, and a cause for more punishments or aggression against the scapegoat, or the scapegoats who have left are treated like sacrifices to appease the Gods. Or the golden child. Or the parents of the golden child. Or the family legacy of "authoritarianism" and power hierarchies. 

In the Jewish tale of the scapegoat, the goat was packed down (literally had a pack on its back) with the objects that represented the communities' sins and sent out to the desert to die. If that isn't being sacrificed, I don't know what is. 

Most scapegoats of narcissistic families are sacrificed with the thinking that goes: "We'll be much better off without the scapegoat." 

However, these families mostly find they are not better off. Someone is likely to want to hoover the scapegoat back to take on all of the burdens the scapegoat used to fulfill, all of the family shame, all of the bullying and abuse. The family members who tend to take on the role of hoovering a scapegoat back tend to be siblings (they may see their more golden status start to crack and shift when the narcissist(s) show they absolutely need to have another scapegoat). 

Assuming the scapegoat cannot be hoovered, and assuming that scapegoat gradually heals, and no longer has symptoms of depression and sadness, they can and do say (from what I've seen) that they are much more capable, feel quite a bit smarter and wiser not being in a sabotaging, anxious state where they are required to feel fearful, flawed, unloved and hurt. 

Narcissists, in contrast, can decline. They have to find another scapegoat to feel their sense of "normal" and "uplifted". They usually do not have the ability to generate this themselves (they get validation from outside sources which is one reason they brag and tell people they've won many competitions, and are better than other people at winning). If you yank narcissistic supply away from an entitled narcissist, they usually go into a rage and get paranoid (often called narcissistic collapse). 

A narcissistic collapse means they will go from a grandiose state (ego stroked) to a victim state (not ego stroked). 

Some of what happens on a brain level during a narcissistic collapse can be found through this link. The shorthand version is this: They go through "heightened amygdala activation (fear/rage center) and decreased prefrontal cortex activity (rational, inhibitory center)". Their amygdala becomes hyper-active such that they experience lack of narcissistic supply as "an existential threat instead of a disappointment". The prefontal cortex stops functioning, leading to dysregulation of emotions with little to no impulse control (they become impulsive: reckless, or dangerous). It also effects the anterior insula and cingulate cortex (meaning they feel psychological pain). It can also mean a Dorsal Vagal Shutdown (depression, helplesness and emotional numbness). 

All of this comes from feeling "entitled" to have a scapegoat. Most scapegoats leave narcissists, so it shouldn't surprise them when their scapegoat decides on this path, but it does. And because they cannot see how much damage they are doing, or for the more sadistic narcissists, they get off on the constant pain of their scapegoats, they are often not prepared for a narcissistic collapse. If they could put themselves in their scapegoat's shoes, they'd understand, but they can't.  

So since the lack of empathy, the inability to understand the perspectives of others, and since desperate acts to hold on to power can mean less and less empathy, the brain can and does continue to atrophy.  

One other thing: Alcohol abuse disorder contributes to significant brain atrophy and alcohol use disorder tends to be a comorbidity of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. - meaning that narcissistic alcoholic families are impossible to live in. I can't emphasize how awful it is enough - truly horrific.

Even if it's only the grandparents with alcohol use disorder (and not children or parents), it still translates to incredible dysfunction and an unhealthy family dynamic - in other words, it tends to be generational trauma. However, usually parents or a child becomes an alcoholic because alcohol use disorder happens in families with personality disorders and abuse. 

Perhaps Alzheimer's has a more frequence occurance in alcoholic and narcissistic families - research suggests it does. And this is the speculative part: Perhaps with both disorders happening inside individuals they are already part of the way into Alzheimer's Disease. 

And this is quite controversial:

Perhaps the brain issue with narcissists is also as involuntary as the person with Alzheimer's? What do you think? Neither narcissism or Alzheimer's changes in any significant way and both tend to get worse. However, let's not get too far into "everything they do is never their fault." Certainly a lack of empathy is not their fault, and often caused by atrophy in the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefontal cortex, but abuse and manipulating other people is definitely a choice. 

And another speculation:

If there were strict rules, laws and severe consequences for the abuse of children, is it possible narcissists might actually give up on child abuse? Or never take it up in the first place? Is that possible? Obviously it is a choice because they often do not display child abuse in public.

Could a lack of child abuse in a society change human beings in terms of evolution so that there was more tolerance, more empathy, more compassion, better use of our brains, less alcoholism, less wars, and less Alzheimer's? What do you think? 

I tend to think, "yes." 

However, wouldn't addictions have to be given up to make the world more peaceful? Alcohol is the big one. But there are others:
* Addictions to computers which keep us from each other and don't teach us skills about healthy relating.
* Addictions to power, domination, controlling and manipulating others, getting narcissistic supply out of others in the way of flattery and emotional reactions - all of which lead to a lack of empathy. 
* Addiction to excess money, things, compulsive spending, compulsive desires for more things, compulsive self care (being pampered by others to the point of entitlement) - leads to a lack of empathy for others too.
* Addiction to over eating, and couch potato living (more of a new phenomenon as our ancient ancestors did not live that way)
* Addiction to compulsive sex (using others for sexual relief), pedophilia, sexual abuse of children, rape, and so on - you have to have a brain that says you are entitled to these forms of sex, so you are likely to not have empathy either. 
* Addiction to wars and invasions (ongoing "deterrent detractor thinking and obsessions", controlling populations, controlling other leaders of countries, controlling a population's preferred leaders, controlling opinions, border wars). A lot of people don't think wars are addictions but I think they are if human beings must always be involved in them and drawn to them - they present such unhealthy and dangerous situations, much like abuse with addictions do, and end up to equal more destruction, blowback and resentment than positive outcomes, at least during a war and for at least a couple of decades after a particular one has ended. 

Wars and child abuse are the leading contributors to PTSD. 

Many people think it's not possible for people to give up alcohol (or excessive alcohol) - that it will always be with us. Many believe that wars will always be with us, century after century of them with no let-up. In fact, many people believe that human beings will always develop addictions, and perhaps AI will be just another one to take up space in addictive personalities (you won't have to have to endure the inconvenience of thinking or problem solving any more because robots are so much smarter and are light years ahead of us in terms of capabilities). 

I've heard that in order to survive in an AI dominated world run by oligarchs, it will demand more narcissism from us. Why? Because to make a living in an AI world, you'd have to be a bastard to succeed.

And sometimes people think narcissism is becoming more dominant, that we can afford to live in a less and less empathetic world. They seem to want more dictatorial authoritarian governments (even voting them in), although some populations are beginning to do a double-take. 

And I do notice more and more empaths are retreating and drawing inward, as if they are being wounded by the brutal world. They are making peace sanctuaries out of their homes. Or they are making hoarding a full time occupation for when robots, oligarchs and invasive types of people take over. The main thing is that they are being crucified and taken advantage of because of their empathy. They are experiencing significant "burn out". 

I personally feel that we are all at a cross-road between war or peace, narcissism or empathy, authoritarianism or democracy, the human species becoming so narcissistic that we self destruct or the human species becoming more empathetic so that we evolve and grow into a more peaceful species. And it is all up to us. 

Now I'll move away from speculation and guessing the fate of the world ...

More on Alzheimer's Disease:

Alzheimer's appears more frequently in women who have had a hysterectomy. 

Alzheimer's Disease is a type of diabetes, linked to insulin resistance (often called "Type 3 Diabetes").

Alzheimer's Disease is more prevaent in people with alcohol use disorder (significant risk). 

Alzheimer's Disease is more prevalent in people who have C-PTSD.

Alzheimer's Disease is more prevalent in African Americans. 

Alzheimer's Disease is more common in women than men. 

Alzheimer's Disease is more prevalent in people who are overweight.

Alzheimer's Disease is more prevalent in people who have a family history of Alzheimer's.

War veterans have an increased risk of getting Alzheimer's.

Sexual abuse survivors have an increased risk of getting Alzheimer's Disease. 

Significant stress over your life time can significantly impact whether you get Alzheimer's Disease.

Heart disease patients have an increased risk of getting Alzheimer's Disease. - significant risk.

I hope this post has been helpful. 

VIDEO

Narcissistic relationships and dementia
by Dr. Ramani
(Dr. Ramani Durvasula is a clinical psychologist, writer, professor Emerita at California State University, Los Angeles, California and is a recognized expert on narcissistic abuse) 

FOUND ON FACEBOOK

Perspecticide and Being Invalidated Often Feels Unsafe and Even Downright Dangerous On the Receiving End. Comes With a Discussion on Narcissism.

Note: this post is a deep dive into this subject, so you may want to read it in parts.

To understand what perspecicide and invalidation are, you may want to go to my post on the subject first HERE. 

If you've experienced a lot of invalidation, hopefully you will find this post helpful as I use a lot of links (and even a short personal story) to help validate what you may be experiencing, feeling and seeing. 

So do children feel unsafe with adults who invalidate their experiences? Yes. This is the shorthand version of the Google AI article (in dark red):

Emotional invalidation—dismissing, minimizing, or belittling a child's feelings—disrupts their fundamental sense of security and trust.

* Threat to Attachment: A child's nervous system interprets the withdrawal of emotional warmth as a threat to survival, as they rely entirely on caregivers for protection.
* Loss of Predictability: Chronic invalidation removes the "foundation for trust," making relationships feel unpredictable and unreliable.
* Hypervigilance: Children may develop a state of "walking on eggshells ... 
* Internalized Fear ... 

Long terms impacts are self doubt, shame and low worth and suppression: They may "push down" emotions to maintain a connection with the adult, which can lead to later Complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms.

How about in long term adult relationships? Can perspecticide and being invalidated feel unsafe or dangerous? Yes. 

Many of the same consequences for invalidating in adult relationships are the same as for children with some differences (the list of differences for adults are as follows):

The nervous system response is manifested as physical pain. Repeated invalidation can trigger a permanent fight-flight-freeze response. 

Psycholgical Erasure: Chronic invalidation acts like an "emotional eraser," making you feel as though your reality doesn't count. This "existential wound" can make you feel that your very right to exist is being threatened.

Emotional Suppression: You've learned it is "safer" to stay silent or hide your needs to avoid being judged or told you are "too sensitive". - this is similar to a "walking on eggshells" environment that a child experiences. 

Physical Symptoms: Living in this state often manifests as a tight chest, shallow breathing, chronic anxiety, or insomnia. - These are well known trauma symptoms (I'd add in gastointestinal problems and headaches to make it a more complete list), all of which can turn into PTSD if ongoing, which has some similarity in children in these situations. 

The article goes into a discussion about emotional abuse, domestic violence and gaslighting. 

All of this is in the same link I referred you to when talking about adult-to-adult relationships. 

If someone invalidates a dangerous situation you experienced, can it create more danger for you? Yes. 

That link points to all kinds of issues that result from it:
* That it can put you in more danger than the initial danger.
* That there can be a "gaslighting effect" where others deny your reality or try to make you think that you are exaggerating or making things up. 
* There can be a compromise to your safety where others downplay your risk to the point where you believe them over what you are actually experiencing. This can mean that you also downplay your own risk. 
* Chronic invalidation is linked to higher rates of PTSD and also increases self harming behaviors. 
* It can prevent you from seeking medical or psychological help (fear that you'll be invalidated there too). 
* It adds a layer of social and emotional trauma to the original danger. 

And who invalidates others much more than other people do? Narcissistic and manipulative personalities, those people with Borderline Personality Disorder (another cluster B personality disorder along with Narcissistic Personality Disorder), people who relate to others in a co-dependent style, people who focus on logic and "proving a point" more than on what is actually happening, caregivers from invalidating environments (people who grew up hearing a lot of invalidation can invalidate others). 

This particular Google AI article makes the point that it is "a core trait", not just a tendency, of people with Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

But why do narcissists invalidate?
* They don't trust other people and feel they are being lied to most of the time or that people are plotting against them, or they feel that others are trying to undermine their power and control - that is because they are that way themselves and it is hard to conceive that others aren't just like them (and the link to the article does talk about projection). 
* They are only in relationships for power and control and all other issues are inconvenient.
* They have a lack of empathy (which is a brain issue) which means they simply don't care what other people are experiencing or feeling unless it concerns them and their ambitions for more power and control over others. However, they are likely to lose power and control as they invalidate and show no empathy, so I'm not sure why they would think invalidating would help get them power and control unless they feel that "gaslighting works". Part of it is a brain issue too, the lack of ability in judging how others feel (separate from how they feel, that is). It would seem whatever power and control they had at the time would be wiped out by their invalidations. 
* Narcissists really don't care about other people. They see relationships as transactional, ones that will benefit them more than the other person.  
* Relationships are disposable to them. Again this is a core trait, not just a preference.

HOW CHILDREN AND ADULT CHILDREN FEEL
IN A FAMILY ENVIRONMENT THAT INVALIDATES THEM

Children fight with invalidating parents to be heard, especially about issues which are frightening, dangerous, unfair, abusive, upsetting, provoking, or awful. They do it to get safety and boundaries against the dangers.

If they are getting invalidated instead of getting safety, they learn that they are not safe, and not safe from an adult shielding them from harm. The adult becomes untrustworthy, someone they can't talk to, someone who won't listen, or someone who is biased (confirmation bias would count as a bias too). 

Part of invalidating a child by a caretaker is an unspoken resolve that "I'm not listening to you. You're ---" and then the judgements come out that miss the mark (or a character assissanation). "You're exaggerating!", "You're paranoid!", "You're crazy! That never happened to you!", "You're a liar! I know a liar when I see one!", "I believe your (sibling). I don't believe you!", "You think you know everything! Well you don't! I know much more than you do and it simply never happened!" - when they apply it to situations, "You'll think of anything to gripe about to make the family miserable!", "I don't believe you!", "I really don't care what you have to say! I've never cared!", "Don't forget that I was alive at the time! I have eyes everywhere!", "You're responsible for this!", "You don't do things right, otherwise you wouldn't have been in danger!"

Part of the issue is that they don't investigate what real situations are, to see what you are going through, and they rarely, if ever, try to understand your perspectives and why you would feel what you feel. It's easier for them to decide what reality is and to tell you what it is, and if you don't adopt their perspectives, they may well call you "crazy", or "insane", or "lying", or that you are only trying to prove them wrong and make their life miserable, or they may feel that it is hopeless to talk you into false narratives, and therefor reject you over that. When I went to Google AI to get an answer to this issue, this is what I got:

Narcissists rarely investigate the "real" situation a partner or friend is going through because they are fundamentally uninterested in realities that do not center on their own needs, image, or convenience. To a narcissist, relationships are mirrors, not windows; they interpret your life experiences—sadness, success, or failure—only in terms of how it affects them. 

In the Google AI article it was broken down into several parts: 

The "False Self" and Projection: The narcissist looks to see how they appear and do not seek to understand your experiences. They insist that you have their traits. They ignore reality and build a fantasy to enhance and protect themselves from flaws or ego "fall-out". 

Lack of Empathy and Cognitive Dissonance: they lack affective emotional empathy and can only understand what you are going through cognitively. In other words, they can barely, if at all, see anything from your perspective and how it would effect you on a psychological or emotional level, which is why they use invalidation in the first place - they don't understand the emotional fallout of not having empathy for others.
     Their main agenda is transactional relationships. If they feel acting empathetic will get them what they want, they act it out, but otherwise are indifferent to what you are going through. - obviously this is incredibly problematic and can be dangerous for children. 
     Since they don't care about or value your perspectives, if you speak about your perspectives, you are likely to get shouted down or told you are "difficult" or "never satisfied". 

The "Victim Narrative" and Self Centeredness: They find your "difficult times" (illness, surgery, losing a job, getting bullied, your child needing care over an accident) as an inconvenience to them, and may tell you that it's "all your fault" or that you need to get over it. They are also too self centered to care. If they are part of your narrative of why you are going through a difficult time, they blame-shift, refusing to understand or take accountability. Note: blame shifting for narcissists is usually impulsive, rash. It is also incredibly cowardly.

In other words, they do it in most situations where they are being held accountable, not just with their children. They rarely can stop this behavior because they use it as "a primary survival mechanism because their sense of self is too fragile to handle accountability. To them, admitting a mistake is an existential threat to their 'perfect' image" - the link to the Google AI article this quote comes from. This makes it hard to solve any problems, or get safety or concern out of a narcissistic parent. 
 
Why They Don't Investigate: It offers no immediate or conceivable pay-off for them or for their ego. They see no advantage to them in investigating. Also: Investigating the truth might expose their own faults or weaknesses, which they are desperate to hide.

Scapegoats of narcissistic families endure a lot more invalidation than other members. That Google AI article has this to say about the phenomenon:
Scapegoats in narcissistic families endure intense invalidation, serving as the "emotional landfill" for family dysfunction to protect the narcissist's image. They are punished with chronic criticism, gaslighting, and blamed for problems they did not cause, leading to profound isolation. Despite this, they often develop greater independence, self-awareness, and resilience compared to other members.

There is a lot more to that article, but you can explore it yourself through the links. 

So while scapegoats are the main object for invalidations of their experiences, feelings and thoughts, other family members can go through this too. I was talking to a Lost Child recently who became the family scapegoat in her later teenage years after her oldest sister left the household. Before becoming "the new scapegoat" she rarely said anything, rarely revealed anything, rarely approached her narcissistic parent for anything, or over anything, and kept her mind away from the family and put it on her school studies instead. 

However, much to her surprise, her school studies were constantly being interrupted by accusations from the same parent her eldest sister endured. After that original scapegoat left she, the lost child, was the one getting attacked by the other family members instead. Since study and research were her main interests, and since she spent most of her time with her head in books and on the internet looking up subjects, she began to look up some of what she was experiencing: "being called a liar when I'm not", "Trying to make me believe something that's not true", "suddenly being attacked by my family", "What is a scapegoat of a family?", "What is gaslighting?", "Why is my family suddenly gaslighting me?" - and eventually she found out about narcissism and why narcissists scapegoat through those kinds of links. In the process, she discovered that narcissism and scapegoating was the problem in her family. Also, once a scapegoat leaves, the lost child often gets saddled with the role. However, she accused her parent, in this case her father, of being a narcissist (usually not the best idea as that will make most narcissists go ballistic and they can be dangerous). Anyway, the wheels came off of her life and her ability to be left alone (she was attacked constantly), so she moved in with her older original-scapegoat sister.

Narcissists need a scapegoat, and if you're no longer in their presence, or "convenient for scapegoating", they find someone else.

Also they tend to scapegoat and invalidate others who are:
* Truth tellers  
* Children who are independent minded - that link also points to kids who are intelligent, perceptive and seem to challenge the narcissist in some way through their intellect. Narcissists really only want totally obedient children who will believe any story the narcissist tells. A child's independent thoughts are a threat to a narcissistic parent. 
* Children who research and find the parent is off on their facts. 
* Children who are going through a difficult time, whether illness, disease, distress, losing someone, most anything ... again, a child in distress is inconvenient and a nuisance. In fact, the scapegoating and invalidation can increase and amplify. If a child is chronically distressed, they are often ignored or discarded by a narcissistic parent. - that link also says narcissistic parents often punish distressed children. The silent treatment is also brought up in that link. So is increased gaslighting. So are disparaging judgements: "selfish", "weak", "an embarassment", and dismissal of the child's pain with words like "useless", "get over it", "don't bother me", "over-reacting" and "crazy" - all invalidating gaslighting statements to turn the child's focus back on pleasing the parent, focusing their attention on their parent's needs while at the same time giving up on their own needs.
     Obviously this is not possible when a child is in chronic pain, but instead of finally dealing with the issue, as most people who are distracted and self centered might, the parent escalates with neglect, avoidance, rejections, more invalidation. 

And this, folks, is cited as the number one reason for why children from Generation Z become estranged from parents (that link includes not being heard and being dismissed - which is a manifestation of invalidation). When the invalidations, neglect of concerns and distress are ignored, when too many silent treatments are used to solve dire issues, and the gaslighting and smear campaigns and negative "off the wall" judgements continue, expect estrangement from your child (if not right away, eventually). 

And by the way, smear campaigns sound like more invalidation, denial, and blame-shifting. Obviously, it doesn't solve a thing with the child. What it apparently solves for the narcissist is getting really gullible people to believe a parent's false narratives and smear campaigns against their own child. It's not an admirable occupation to have in the world, and once the narcissistic parent is found out, it will create disgust in those same people. 

I think anyone in their right mind can see that being invalidated with all that goes with it (the distress, the negative judgements, the bullying, etc) is an impossible situation to live through, and is the antithesis of parenting.

In fact, many of these children fail, eventually, to look at these kinds of people as parents: there has never been safety, love, concern when distressed - it's only been about the parent trying to put the attention back on themselves whether that's in positive or negative ways. And that's just not the kind of parenting that most people want.  

However, non-narcissists can also use it. 

Years ago I watched a series (I'm pretty sure it was on Amazon Prime or maybe Apple TV - about 12 years ago?) about children who were estranged from their whole family. The genre was documentary in nature, and published as a series - interviews, showing the estranged adult child  in the new life they had adopted, the community they became part of, how dfficult the transition was and what it does to your happiness, psychological health and makeup, and how they felt years after leaving. One of them featured an Amish nuclear family who had decided to separate from their community, and another woman from The Twelve Tribes Commune, and another woman from a Jehovah's Witness background, and many others from the tighter knit communities in American society. 

My opinion is that the producers featured tighter knit communities because they are more enmeshed, harder to leave without enduring significant blow-back, and, for victims, it is harder to assimilate into the rest of American society. 

Almost all of them described situations where they were being invalidated by a parent, and many were abused because they wouldn't go along with the invalidation-oriented narrative, even when their parents browbeat them or punished them, sometimes severely, to accept it. They all experienced emotional shunning and ostracism from their family or whole community, and found it so intolerable to stay in their families and communities, that they felt that leaving was the only option, that life with their family would never work again. Many of them had safety issues with their families too (usually some sort of abuse). Either they didn't feel safe, or they didn't think their children were safe. 

It proves to me that if you are going to insist someone did something that you don't approve of, or said something, or is actually who you say they are, you should be absolutely sure you have an awful lot of facts that legitimize your view, that it's not just a theory or heresay, or from another person who may have an agenda, or some kind of vague suspicion or paranoia.

Shaming a person over something they didn't do, didn't think, or didn't feel won't work. Shaming a person over a judgement about them that has little bearing of the truth won't work either. 

Shaming people over what they didn't do and insisting they did do it is a narcissistic trait (another link) and if you aren't narcissistic in any of the other traits, if you are a parent who is invalidating your child because you grew up with it, maybe it's time to drop behaviors of "invalidation". One reason why is because the newer generations are so much more educated than past generations on what narcissism is, and what the traits of narcissism are, that if you speak in hunches, and vague suspicions, or believe in something someone else said, you may be viewed with suspicion yourself. 

Estrangements, in this day and age are very common. At the time of this writing, 30 percent of Generation Z are estranged from at least one parent. It's become a normalized part of society and of relationships, and definitely accepted and tolerated by younger generations, and becoming more tolerated by older generations, just as divorce became normalized in the 1970s (and my hunch is that estrangements directly or indirectly came out of the divorce movement).

As far as estrangement is concerned, the numbers continue to grow. If you are a parent, trying to figure the estrangement out, and you've given your child a one-time invalidation, it probably is something "big", something the child can't live with: some possibilities include an abusive family member, incest, a sibling bullying them, the other parent abusing them, not taking their adult-hood and decision-making seriously, destructive toxic home environments with lots of down-side issues that the adult child no longer feels safe in or wants to be part of. 

However, if there were constant invalidations while your child was growing up, there's your answer as to one of the most intolerable aspects of their experience of the family. Other reasons for what is causing estrangements, can be found in this post where I go much deeper into the subject - the common reasons, whether your child is a narcissist (includes signs), or whether they are depressed upon leaving (and those signs, usually isolating and being alone).

As for what childen feel when being chronically invalidated (incudes dealing with a narcissistic parent):
* "My parent doesn't love me."
* "My parent doesn't care about me."
* "Why is everything about them?"
* "Why do they have to control everyone and everything?"
* "I feel like a non-person in this relationship."
* "I feel like I don't matter at all to my parent. I'm just a robot who works or doesn't work the way they want. Is this normal or an anomoly?"
* "They are so terrible at listening. Why?"
* "I am treated much better by most other people compared to my parent. Why?"
* "Other people want to know who I am. My parent just makes assumptions, and the worst part about this is that they stick to the assumptions! So annoying! But why?"
* "Why am I experiencing so many punishments over things that other kids never get punished for?"
* "Why am I not believed when all my friends have parents who listen and want to get the full story?"
* "Why am I not valued? By my own parent? What are they getting out of devaluing me? Why not just give me away to another parent if that's the case?"
* "Why does my parent give me a hard time over leaving them or ignoring them? They never liked me in the first place!"
* "Why do they like provoking me over made up fantasies? What are they getting out of this?"
* "Why do they insist I listen to them when they don't listen to me? Am I just a robot that is just supposed to take orders from them, and believe stuff that isn't true?"
* "All I feel is frustration talking to my parent. It shouldn't be this hard to grasp their attention or for them to understand. It's like I have to shut up and only talk about what they want to hear. And what they want to hear is just another attempt to make a fantasy out of a reality."
* "Am I supposed to always be silent? If so, I'm nothing to them."
* "I feel like (my father or mother) is just blind. Why?"
* "Why wouldn't my parent want to know what's real? Why are they always trying to cover everything up to enhance their ego, with fantasies that they think will make their ego bigger? And how can a fantasy really make an enlarged ego anyway? I don't get this whole trip they are on."
* "Why does everything for them have to be solved using the silent treatment or shouting me down? Why can't they use the kinds conflict resolution practices that other parents use? Something seems terribly wrong with their method. It doesn't solve anything and is making me feel more invisible." - the silent treatment can be looked at as a sign of invalidation too. 
(Note: this may be of use: What a parent's chronic use of the silent treatment does to a child. A parent's chronic use of the silent treatment can cause C-PTSD in the child. Also note: C-PTSD syptoms can cause children to separate from a parent when they become an adult).
* "Why is the silent treatment being used by my parent to solve an issue where I'm being abused by ________ family member? Isn't this too major for that kind of treatment?" - Again, this can cause C-PTSD and usually does. 
* "Why can't they stop using the silent treatment? Sometimes they promise to stop it, but they usually don't. And I can't see what they are getting out of it. I hardly want to talk to them about anything any more, and I certainly am sick of caving in. Caving in does nothing except that I distrust them more and more."  
* Sometimes: "For some reason my parent wants and enjoys hurting me." - Some parents really can be sadistic when it comes to their children (it's a sign of Malignant Narcissism). 
* "Is my parent a narcissist?"
* experiencing either intense shame (if you believe them, are easily gaslighted, or want to believe in their judgments of others) or hyper independent (if you don't believe them). It's usually an either-or situation.
* experiencing hypervigilence to attacks and more invalidation
* nightmares about being invalidated over important issues they try to bring up with a parent, or conversely, dreams where they try to bring up a situation with the parent and they listen in the dream, but when awake and the child is inspired to re-enact what they did in the dream, their hopes are shattered once again
* pressure to be silent and not speak about anything except for what the parent wants to talk about
* feeling both invaded and ignored
* feeling both that their thoughts have to be internalized, but hounded by the narcissist for information
* "Why do I have to have a life where I have to protect myself from my own parent?" 

These are just some of the thoughts and internal struggles that survivors of parental invalidation have, the more common ones. 

HOW ADULTS FEEL IN RELATIONSHIPS
WHERE THEY ARE CHRONICALLY INVALIDATED BY ANOTHER ADULT

In close adult relationships when your experiences, feelings and thoughts are being invalidated, you are likely to feel silenced, alone, going through life without the other person's help or empathy - and if the narcissist tries to isolate you or forbids you to have relationships with other people, you can feel starved of compassion, love and care. 

Narcissists often try to make this your fault, that this is all you deserve, and if you leave, they will tell you that you will experience worse life experiences if you leave them - it's absolutely not true, but they will try hard to get you to believe it. Note: clicking on the Google AI versions will get you better articles and answers and less searching.

With adults in close personal relationships, being invalidated a lot often means divorce, especially in an age where divorce is common. 

Neither relationship can survive without the receiver of invalidation experiencing suppression. It is exceptionally unhealthy and traumatic over time.

The only other route is separation, a new beginning.

Part of invalidating someone else is an unspoken resolve that "I'm not listening to you. You're ---" and then the judgements come out that miss the mark (or character assissanations). "You're exaggerating!", "You're paranoid!", "You'll think of anything to gripe about!", "I don't believe you!", "I really don't care what you have to say! I've never cared!", "You're crazy!", "You're responsible for this!", "You don't do things right, otherwise you wouldn't have been in danger!" 

What you are going through becomes an invitation to attack, at least with invalidaters. Gaslighting is bound to be part of it. 

If this is your husband or wife, all of these invalidations can make you feel as invisible. 

If you are married to an invalidating spouse, your children are probably being invalidated too. So it becomes a dire family issue. If your spouse merely learned to invalidate, and does not seem to have the traits of narcissistic personality disorder, they can probably change out of it. However, it might take some nuance to suggest therapy for it. People who invalidate often feel they are "right", otherwise they wouldn't do it at all. Expect slow progress as it takes a lot of effort to grow out of habits. 

Following are ways that narcissists (and sometimes alcoholic spouses) behave when they want to invalidate:

WHEN THEY ARE HAVING AN AFFAIR OR AFFAIRS:

In this section, I refer to a man cheating, but all of this can be applied to women who cheat too. 

A high majority of narcissists cheat on their partner just so you know. 

How invalidation works when they are cheating: 

"Your suspicions are wrong. I'm a solid guy. I don't cheat. You need to think some other thoughts other than those. Suspcions aren't reality. It's your mind playing with you again. Maybe you're insecure." - for the more covert dark triad kinds of narcissists. 
     Note: the more overt narcissists will usually get angry if you suspect they are having an affair: "Why would you accuse me of that?! You have no right!" is a likely outcome. They may accuse you of having an affair instead.
     You might voice a suspicion that "Something doesn't feel right. There are women calling you on the phone. You take the phone outside a lot to talk to them. And you suddenly go quiet when I go outside." And the reaction you get is: "You're crazy!"

Then they get caught (you saw him kissing a woman on the mouth):
     "You didn't see what you think you saw! It was just a friendly kiss, the kind friends do! What's the matter with you!?" - the gaslighting starts, as well as the invalidation of what you saw. 
     The more you tell him what you saw, the angrier he gets: "You're crazy! I told you the truth, so what's really happening is your mind is going nuts on you! That's not my fault! That's your fault!" - the blame-shifting starts. 
     The covert kinds of narcisists will be a little more calm, telling you need therapy or a psychiatrist to help you recover from your suspicions and decipher reality. 
     Notice how the gaslighting deepens, the escalation of silencing you as he tries to take control of the narrative, and how the invalidating is escalating (discounting her sense that something is "off" in what he is telling her, trying to get her to distrust her own thoughts and feelings). By trying to control the false narrative, this is also a sign of narcissism (they are usually only in relationships for power, control, domination and narcissistic supply and they often try to make untruths into truths - the more they succeed at it, the more they use it). 

Then you catch him french kissing the woman:
     He says: "I told you that we're friends! Did you get some help for your problem?"
     You say: "I don't think I have the problem at this point! French kissing is not a 'friendship kiss'. Why are you trying to get away with all of this lying?" 
     He says: "Okay, so she comes on to me! I didn't initiate it!" 
     You say: "It seemed pretty mutual to me!"
     He says: "You were spying on me! How DARE you spy on me! How DARE you tell me that lying is unethical when you're spying on me! Look at yoursef before you accuse me!" - this is where the blame-shifting starts. 
     You say: "Stop trying to blame me for your infidelity!"
     He is out of control (for overt narcissists): "You know what's wrong with you!? Everything!" - he's trying to create a situation where you are so flawed that he's not going to listen to or care about your complaint. 
     Going silent on you (the silent treatment for covert narcissists): They refuse to speak to you, and go about doing what they want regardless of the commitments, regardless of your feelings, regardless of the lack of morality they show. They have to direct situations, and insist that you have to do as they say, and if you are refusing to let them by rebelling against their affairs, they are going to keep giving you the silent treatment. 
     Destroying something, stealing something of value, intensely spreading smear campaigns about you, or beating you up (for malignant narcissists): they try to drive fear into you that they will destroy you or your life if you object to what they are doing and will make you pay for resisting their plans for you. Or they will file for divorce and flaunt their lover, or move their lover into your common space and expect you to either compete with the lover or be afraid of them or leave your house and possessions to them. 

Many narcissists insist that you put up with them. If they say, "I'm the best person you ever met! Before me, you were nothing!", which a lot of them do, it does not mean you have to take that grandiose vision of themselves as your reality, and probably shouldn't. A lot of them use "the ungrateful phrase" too. 

All of it started with invalidating your experiences, your feelings, and your person. You become an obstruction to their agenda of having another partner or partners. If they can't push you around, they do see you as useless and very well may say so. 

Narcissists also are "boundary crashers". If you've caught the two of them in your bed, that's one sign. But they keep it up with other boundaries you have to see how much they can get away with, how much you'll tolerate from them.

After awhile you won't feel comfortable or relaxed in your bed or possibly your entire house. All of it is incredibly disrespectful of your peace, and needs for privacy and stability, and sometimes is crafted by them to be that way. Narcissists aren't particularly careful who they get involved with either (they do it to get narcissistic supply primarily, and sometimes types of narcissistic supply that will rock your world and make you more and more vulnerable to manipulation and attack). 

Usually if you stay, there may be some love bombing and hoovering to keep you giving them narcissistic supply, or in the game of putting up with the affair, but it will never last (it's fake love and fake overtures of regret at trying to get you back - narcissists don't love people; they are in relationships to manage and control people).

Being afraid of them, giving into them, being concerned with which lover they are with, being concerned with what false narratives they are spreading about you, being concerned about your boundaries and how they are being violated by them, feeling constantly upset or "put on edge" by their actions, feeling anxious around them, wondering what drama they will conjure up next, allowing yourself to be seduced by them even though you're objecting to their affairs - these are all narcissistic supply to them. Again, they get off on negative narcissistic supply as much as they get off on positive forms of it. They validate that they are important this way, that they are the center of your attention, that they have power, control and domination over what you do, what you think, what you feel and all of this gives them information about your vulnerabilities so they can attack those vulnerabilities when the time is right for them.

Their blackmail, obfuscation, on-going smear campaigns, lying, false narratives, on-going gaslighting, pushing the envelope in terms of what they "can get away with", on-going ignoring of your feelings, breaking every part of your peace of mind can become your everyday experience with them, along with dealing with their constant demands, excuses, grandiosity, extra-marital affairs, the invasiveness of their affair partners into your house, or bed, or childrens' lives, or place of employment, which they may try to normalize: "Everyone has affairs! What's wrong with you?!" - and you can feel that your life is in danger from the lack of boundaries (their allowing lovers into the house, lovers who may be violent or jealous, lovers who may want to destroy you and/or the children to "get the man", their constant intimidation tactics to get you to accept what they are doing at your expense, and so many other unforseen events). 

It's not your fault: narcissists are traumatic to be around, and can present dangerous situations or be a danger to you themselves. 

In terms of extra-marital affairs, one way to tell if you are dealing with a narcissist is that narcissists blame you for their cheating, whereas most other people will not. However, cheating is more likely to happen with people who have narcissistic traits. 

Being cheated on can resemble the trauma of being home invaded, and having things you value stolen from you - again, go to Google AI for the information on this, or go to articles which discuss betrayal trauma by a cheating spouse. 

Being cheated on can also make you feel devalued. Understand that love bomb, *devalue* and discard cycles are a core narcissistic trait, and this trait has nothing to do with you even if they may try to make it about you, or your fault. They will do it to others too, whether co-workers, employees, their siblings and other family members, their present scapegoats, anyone. That is a type of invalidation in that your being, your self esteem, your peace, your thoughts, your feelings, your health, are all invalidated by the rejection (devaluation and discard). 

There is an underlying cause to this behavior however:
What is the major childhood issue that would make narcissists want to cheat?
What that answer reveals:
* often profound emotional neglect
* sometimes abandonment of a caretaker 
* Possibly a childhood filled "with abuse, neglect, or unrealistic conditional love". 
* Narcissists may cheat to "avoid being abandoned. By keeping relationships superficial or having multiple partners, they avoid true vulnerability, which they perceive as dangerous due to early life trauma."
* A need for constant attention and validation. "Because their self-esteem is constructed from external validation rather than internal confidence, they require continuous praise. When a long-term partner stops providing intense, constant admiration, the narcissist seeks it elsewhere."
* They are re-enacting childhood neglect. 
* "A childhood of emotional neglect is often a direct route to an inability to feel empathy for others, making it easier for them to engage in betrayal without remorse." 
* "Entitlement: If their needs for attention are not met, they often feel entitled to seek it elsewhere, without regard for the emotional damage caused to their primary partner."

One thing that this article does not mention is that narcissists attack other people pre-emptively because they think others will attack them, and because they are paranoid or suspicious - this Google AI article goes into more depth about why they think pre-emptive attacks are "necessary for them". This would include cheating on you. Many narcissists assume that if they are cheating that you are cheating. Even if they know that you're not cheating, they assume you might, especially if you are bucking their control, or they do it to have more ups-man-ship. 

Narcissists are also novelty seekers, even when it comes to finding new partners and ways to cheat. 

WHEN THEY HAVE AN ADDICTION:

Narcissists who have an addiction can be more invalidating and abusive than they would be if they were sober - the link in this sentence goes to this Google AI article at this period of time (partial):

Narcissists who struggle with addiction often exhibit more extreme levels of invalidation and abuse, as the addiction exacerbates underlying narcissistic traits such as a lack of empathy, grandiosity, and intense emotional volatility. When a substance use disorder (SUD) co-occurs with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), the individual may become more volatile, reckless, and cruel, using substances to fuel their ego or to cope with deep-seated insecurities.

They become more volitile, exhibiting rapid mood swings, explosive with intense anger, they exhibit more intensive invalidating tactics, escalated forms of manipulation, more grandiosity than usual, and more resistance to treatment where the narcissistic ego cannot admit they have a weakness such as an addiction, and less empathy. - all of this is in the same link. 

But what about malignant narcissists?

It's so much worse. Here is what the present Google AI article says about that (partial):

When malignant narcissism is combined with addiction, the risk of harm to others increases significantly. This "dual diagnosis" creates a volatile environment where the narcissist's existing traits—such as lack of empathy, grandiosity, and a need for control—are amplified by the disinhibiting effects of substance abuse.

Here is a shortened version of the rest of it: gaslighting with devaluation; they try to shift responsibility for the addiction on to others; there is heightened selfishness and belittling the needs of others; there are heightened paranoias, fantasies, lying, and they try to make small disagreements into deep betrayals and conspiracies. 

But the more concerning issue is that "there is a significant risk factor for violence": 

"Substances like alcohol or stimulants can remove the small amount of self-control a malignant narcissist might have, leading to impulsive physical, verbal, or sexual aggression.

The article also outlines heightened sadistic trends as well as heightened resistance to treatment. 

I had to deal with someone with both issues myself, and it was truly a nightmare. You may want to get police and domestic violence counselors involved in safety plans, as well as install a security system if you live apart from them. And not kidding. You can easily under-assess the dangers because of the type of relationship it is, or live on wishes that they will change, or have PTSD where your experiences are broken apart into autonomous episodes, and at the very least believe they won't go any further than they did with the violence, but abuse almost always escalates to worse forms of violence. It very rarely de-escalates, no matter the relationship, and no matter which "good side" they show in public (narcissists try hard to hide their abusive sides by being overly sweet and accommodating in public). 

Malignant narcissists who have substance use disorder often micro-manage you and call you lazy. Watch for this as it is a tell-tale trait of the malignant type. 

As far as how you'll feel being around a substance abuser with either type of narcissism, you'll probably feel like you're in some kind of danger and you would be right to perceive it that way. You'll probably feel a heightened sense of anxiety. You'll probably have restless sleep and nightmares, stomach aches and headaches which are the beginning of trauma symptoms which can turn into PTSD, even within months of their mistreatment.

I decided to go mostly "no contact" with this kind of person myself. You may want to do the same. 

The problem with getting PTSD is that it clouds your thinking and it plays a part of why women go back to their abusers. You can have memory lapses about what happened to you until you can fully get away from them. Then the memories start invading your thinking as you begin to relax, and then become incredibly intrusive, making you relive it over and over again, but in some ways in worse ways because full memory recall is very, very unnerving, painful and can cause so much tension that it will effect all of your muscles. The muscle cramping can be so painful in that it can give you more hypervigilant symptoms than you had during the actual episodes. It's yet another nightmare you'll have to deal with that can make you feel broken and sometimes unable to break the spell of symptoms. 

This is actually a "natural process": it is how the brain works to protect itself. An onslaught of violent and abusive situations (including verbal abuse, emotional abuse and psychological abuses like gaslighting) will mean the brain can't handle it, and the situations break apart into fragments, where as they are happening, some fragments stay, but other fragments break away and on recall seem either dream-like, or dim, or not quite there. Eventually the full recall happens during times when the body relaxes and the mind starts to make the memories very vivid, even maginified, and eventually the "whole" is presented (I'll get into this more for the trauma section of this blog). 

This is part of the reason why people with PTSD want to be alone - the brain is trying to process what happened, and frankly the symptoms exist to keep you away from the person. 

My PTSD over this particular event lasted a full two and a half years without let-up and even got worse a year in (over a four month experience, mind you). It's so not worth dealing with malignant narcissists in my book, especially with drinking problems. I also don't feel anything is worth it, no promise, no promises to change, no money, no great honeymoons or anniversaries or vacations, hanging on to relationships where this person is brainwashing other people (turning them into "flying monkey"- type of enablers), not even putting up with their tactics just so that you can still be part of a marriage, or a family, or a friendship circle, nothing. And malignant narcissists do not change a bit, no matter what they say (another link from a prominent psychologist). They won't get more empathetic and often get worse. They won't get training on how to treat a person with PTSD to help the PTSD'ed person get better, and if they do, they use the information they get to make people with PTSD feel worse - because they are sadists at heart. 

Malignant narcissists sometimes try to kill you if they think their reputation is at stake.  - again, go directly to the Google AI article and the derivative articles on the right as the search is filled with articles that do not address this particular phenomenon.

The enablers and sycophants make things worse. They can actually be the main instigators of perspecticide and invalidation because they very badly want to believe in what ever the malignant narcissist says and does, and take their side for their own benefit. Apparently many people have to believe in everything a malignant narcissist says whole-heartedly not to be on the chopping block themselves (and for what malignant narcissists do to others, you can see it in plain sight with the despotic tyrants who rule nations ... they do a lot of damage or kill sycophants who disagree with them on one issue). 

I think this is really how PTSD symptoms go to levels that cause such strong symptoms of feeling ill, the flying monkey-like people who say, "That never happened", "I can't believe you", "Such a nice charming man! He would never hurt a flea!", "You're not listening right", "You're exaggerating", "You can't be serious", "You must have an agenda," , "You must be afraid of your own shadow", "The way it happened was ______" and they parrot the malignant narcissist's false narratives. 

In my case, they not only did this, but were shaming me over thoughts I didn't have, and experiences that were either totally made up by them or made up by the malignant narcissist. 

The relationship not only died over on-going attempts of pressuring me to adopt the malignant narcissists perspectives, but by:

* The "flying monkey" gave me the silent treatment - this person had done it before over an earlier incident, and when wanting to re-establish a relationship with me again, said they would never use it again. The fact that she used it again was a betrayal of a promise (meaning I could never trust her again), and the silent treatment seemed, in and of itself, a totally inappropriate response to this kind of an issue. - this is enough to kill any relationship, but there was more ... 

* She and her husband were trying to shame me and blame me for thoughts and experiences I actually did not have. If they had been true, which they were not, they were such tiny issues that in most people's worlds they would not register as anything "awful". But this was the reason this person instigated a silent treatment, and broke a promise about it. I started wondering if she was a narcissist herself because when looking back on her history, she did a lot of over-the-top unethical things in her life. Usually when someone unethical is trying to make a case that you are unethical through invalidations of your thoughts and experiences, it shows narcissistic traits in them - that article actually points to a trait of dark triad individuals - *shudders* (it is probably good we no longer talk to each other any more, considering this)  ... Regardless, the use of the silent treatment is another clue of narcissism and further made the untrustworthiness of this person even more pronounced in my eyes. 

* there were some sadistic remarks by her - a very bad sign, and even more of a sign of untrustworthiness and perhaps malignant narcissism - and a definitive killer of any relatonship. Who wants to have dinner with a sadist?

PTSD itself feels really, really bad. In the more severe cases it is considered by the government to be a  disability (in terms of eligibility for SSI disability income). I'd say it is close to the severity of the flu, especially if you have whole body muscle aches, and headaches, and stomach upset, except unlike the flu, the muscle aches are on-going. PTSD can interfere with your everyday life in the same way the flu can. 

Having a disability is something that sadistic-oriented narcissists are likely to enjoy, rather than help you recover from. 

This means that you will have to find peace, safety and healing on your own (or with the help of domestic violence counselors, a therapist specializing in trauma therapy, and often with police).

The more controlling a narcissist is, the more malignancy is present in the person.

In terms of invalidations, I'd bet anything that most of the things that come out of the substance addicted malignant narcissist's mouth will have some form of invalidation. Like: "You're lazy" when you've done a lot more during the day than they have. "You're useless" when you're quite a bit more empathetic than they are. "You can't do anything right" when you have successfully navigated your own life for years without them. 

How invalidation feels for victims of substance addicted narcissists:

* "Why do they blame me for their drinking!?" - although most people with alcohol use disorder will tell someone that they, not the narcissis, are to blame for their drinking. Blameshifting is as much of a problem for alcoholics as for narcissists. 
* "When I try my best and feel I'm giving them what they want, they get worse?" - Narcissists with prominent addictions never feel satisfied with how much people do for them.
* "Why are they spreading so many false narratives about me?" - Narcissists with prominent addictions often spread false narratives about other people (see the Google AI article - other articles appear on the right side).
* "I've been diagnosed with PTSD. Why don't they care about me, when I've done so much for them and walked on eggshells so as not to upset them?" - substance addicted narcissists will not care if you have PTSD or are suffering from the symptoms of it.  * "Why is everything in their life about them? They never think about how others are feeling, ever?" - substance addicted narcissists rarely think about other people.
* "I can't be in this relationship any more. Is there something wrong with me that I can't go through any more of this?" - Being in a relationship with an addict is intolerable for most people.
* "I can't be in a this relationship any more. Their narcissism is getting worse and I've reached my level of tolerance. Is that wrong? After all, they are a big part of my family (or friendship group)." - Being in a relationship with a narcissist is traumatic and intolerable for most people - see the Google AI article on this with other articles on the right side. 
* "Why can't I cope? I feel frozen, but also deeply sad." - PTSD from narcissistic abuse can make you feel frozen and sad - very common as the link suggests. 
* "I've given up. I can't take any more. What happened to my capacity to deeply and endlessly care how others feel?" - This is actually normal. There is such a thing as "Empathy burnout" and "Compassion fatigue" especially when dealing with narcissists (very common) and addicts (also very common). 
* "I'm tired of fighting to be heard. I feel like I don't exist in this relationship." - It is comon to feel you are a non-entity, that you don't exist to a narcissist or an addict unless you enable - both of these are found in Google AI and the articles provided on the right side of the Google AI section. 
* "I can't seem to handle this situation. I used to be so resilient and thought I could handle anything. But I'm feeling like I don't have the capacity to handle much of anything with this situation." - It's extremely common to feel you are losing your resilience when you are in a relationship with a narcissist. Again, look into the Google AI part of the link and the articles on the side. The issues it brings up: feeling completely exhausted, identity loss, physical burnout, "walking on eggshells", symptoms of trauma, what the stress does to your nervous system. It is also common to feel like your resilience is slipping when dealing with an addict too. When the narcissist is an addict, your ability to keep strong and resilient is definitely going to feel compromised. You may also feel sick or weak. Long term exposure can give you an autoimmune disease or increase symptoms if you already have one. And note: narcissists do not have the capacity to care about any of this. They don't even have the capacity to understand even, and will most likely invalidate or minimize what you are going through mentally, emotionally and physically. If you feel you must withdraw from them, they can increasingly become more dangerous (and that's how invalidation can feel dangerous, what this post is about). They make big bones about how they don't like you, or approve of you, or how you're flawed, but they also want to trap you and not let you leave. Cognitively, it is hard to figure out why, but it has to do with narcissistic supply and not wanting to fill the role they assigned you with another person.

They also blame you and shame you in order to get their way and control you (not to make you leave), and so do addicts, but if these tactics no longer work for them, they tend to resort to destructive solutions, including all kinds of abuse, and some even turn to crime against you, which can also translate into more danger, and more invalidation of your worth. 

I've never found it useful to discuss what I'm going through personally with anyone with narcissistic characteristics myself, although I've tried. Generally what I see with just about everyone who is in a relationship with a narcissist is that you usually have to take steps for your own self care, and give up on them caring about you, or even treating you with dignity and respect. It doesn't matter what you are going through; they do not have the empathy to care or even the capacity to have an inkling for why they traumatize others, and for malignant narcissists they enjoy traumatizing others.

Most people find that it is best to greatly minimize contact with narcissists with addictions in order to recover. Most doctors and therapists know the facts that I've brought up in this section of the post, and should be able to help you get your life back together again. Note: recovery is slow, and narcissists will often try to sabotage it, but it can be done if you give it a lot of time, and do all of the exercises they perscribe. 

WHEN THE NARCISSIST IS PARANOID OR HAVING A NARCISSISTIC COLLAPSE:

Note: Narcissists become more invalidating when they are paranoid or having a narcissistic collapse. Narcissists can also become much more dangerous during a narcissistic collapse - significantly so. For instance, many school shooters are young men who are experiencing a narcissistic collapse.

In terms of narcissists with Paranoid Personality Disorder (35.9% of narcissists have this comorbidity), and they can become significantly more dangerous when their paranoia is acting up (for this link, look to Google AI and accpompanying articles). 

You can see that with Paranoid Personality Disorder mixed with significant narcissistic traits, they are going to be living on conspiracy theories about others. People with Paranoid Personality Disorder tend to endorse other people's conspiracy theories, and people with Narcissistic Personality Disorder tend to make up conspiracy theories and insist that others believe them. 

This combination is very difficult for any partner or any child to live with. Their assessment of others tend to be total fantasy, and if they are confronted or proven wrong, they can and do get dangerous. If you don't know them very well, or they are spreading false rumors against you, the danger can take you by total surprise. 

Also, narcissists can slowly develop paranoid traits over time, meaning they might not be that dangerous at 20 years old, but become dangerous when they are 40, say. The fact that their paranoia and clandestine smear campaigns with conspiracies grow and evolve, means again, that you won't necessarily be prepared to face the danger they present to you or your common children, and their destructions can come as a total surprise and be devastating. 

How people with Paranoid Personality Disorder invalidate others (from a Google AI article - partial):

People with paranoid personality disorder (PPD) invalidate others by constantly questioning their motives, accusing them of disloyalty, and misinterpreting innocent actions as hostile. They create a tense, defensive environment by dismissing others' intentions, holding grudges, and reacting with anger or counterattacks to perceived slights.

When the two traits of narcissism and paranoia come together, it can, and often creates Malignant Narcissicism.  

When narcissists assume malicious intent and misinterpret neutral actions, watch out! - especially when they also exhibit paranoid traits.

Since the combination is hard to decipher, and it can be clandestine for many years, and can be quite a bit more injurious and deadly, it is also why so many therapists and psychologists suggest "no contact" with their clients even when they are only hearing narcissistic traits coming up in discussion. Since Paranoid Personality Disorder is so common in narcissists, in terms of a safety plan, it makes the most sense to them, anyway, for you to begin to separate.

Feelings you may have:

* You may feel unsafe, or you may not.
* You may have nightmares about them, or you may not.
* You may have symptoms of trauma or hypervigilence, or you may not.
* Your major feeling around them is fear, walking on eggshells and high amounts of anxiety and significantly more frustration when talking to them than you do with other people. You may also feel that trying to please them makes no sense and is a constant drain without a good resolution. 

What is more important is to pay attention to signs you are seeing in them (especially collapsed narcissists and narcissists with paranoid personality disorder):

How much control are they trying to exert over you? How much do they withdraw affection from you to get their own way? Is their life and attention focused more on themselves, and not on the both of you? Are they gaslighting you at all? Are they insulting you at all? How much diminishing and invalidating are they doing of your feelings, experiences and thoughts? Do they like to argue and insist that you adopt their perspectives? Do they rage a lot, especially if you complain about anything? Do they make up things they cannot verify about other people? Are they haughty and arrogant? - these would be the better questions to ask yourself about the level and kind of narcissism they have. 

Detecting collapsed narcissism: Are they being held accountable for something they obviously did, and they are reacting with on-going rage or have a pronounced victim mentality about it? Are they blaming you for not caring and for not getting them out of the mess they are in? Have they fallen from grace publicly? Do they count on others to make excuses for them? Have they failed their courses in college and blame it on their professors? Have they been fired from a job and blame it totally on their boss and cannot seem to get over it?  

Detecting Paranoid Personality Disorder: Go HERE. When combined with narcissism, they believe in a lot of conspiracy theories, or if their primary actions and main beliefs are conspiracy-oriented, that is a sign. Hunches, fixed opinions, and suspicions without clear evidence is another sign. Making up a lot of stuff that is damning about other people, is another big red flag. 

Some well-known people who are considered to have these dual personality disorders are (again, from Google AI):

Adolf Hitler

Joseph Stalin

Saddam Hussein

Mao Zedong

Pol Pot

I would add in King Henry the VIII too. 

Who are the well known figures who have had a narcissistic collapse? Google AI only listed a few people: John List, Elizabeth Holmes and Bernie Madoff. However the article does a great job of describing what collapsed narcissism looks like and acts like. If for nothing else, check out the link for that kind of information.

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