Why are Narcissists so Argumentative?

In this post I discuss the reasons why narcissists argue and why the frequency of arguments top other kinds of relationships. What is in it for them that they want to indulge in arguments and disagreements so much? And how do they argue? 

In terms of how they argue, please see the further reading section at the end of this article, especially the ones that I recommend. There is also a very, very good video by therapist, Les Carter, who explains how narcissists blame-shift and almost never feel or show accountability for their actions. 

This post will explain more of the "why" than the "how" because there are simply so many good articles on the "how" (it would be redundant to explain them here).  

So, why are narcissists so argumentative? And how do they get to the point where they abuse and adopt false narratives with people they argue with? Why do they seem to love arguments so much? And why do so many of them resort to name-calling and personal attacks when they feel like they are on the losing end of an argument?

And why do so many of us get drawn in, especially in terms of defending ourselves, trying to make a point that might be heard by them (and often failing at it), splitting hairs over opinions (they tend to operate more on opinions than on facts), and generally feeling like we are talking to a brick wall? Why do we get to a point where we feel it is pointless and frustrating to even have a conversation with them? And after awhile we even lose respect for how they treat us and others, to the point where we no longer desire to hear what they have to say? Why do we eventually get so anxious about having to be around them and to listen to them and that they will pick yet another fight with us?

There are a lot of reasons for all of this. I outline some of these reasons below. But one thing you can count on in arguments with narcissists is:

* They won't care how the argument is effecting you (and often they won't listen to you because they have made up their minds about how they want the arguments to go: in their favor)
* They use arguments to persuade (for the domination and control of the issue where there is disagreement)
* They use arguments to wear you down (so that you will give into them)
* They use arguments to justify cruelty (silent treatments, hitting, verbal abuse, emotional abuse, stealing, attempts to destroy your self esteem and make you feel "less important" than them, broken promises, future faking, not showing up for special events, ignoring you when you are going through a tragedy or a major illness, coercion to do things which are bad for you or which sabotage you, and so on)
* They start arguments sometimes to take the focus off of their unethical treatments of you or others  and put you on the defensive (most often using erroneous blaming)
* They use arguments to gaslight you ("You're so crazy!", "It's no wonder you're so incompetent: it's your mind again", "What's the matter with you? Are you stupid?", "There you go again -- I'm not listening to someone who is so unhinged!")
* They are not out to understand you or why the argument is happening; their whole mode of operandi is to "win" the argument and for you to do what they tell you to do. They aren't good at relationships where they don't feel in control of you 24/7, or where people around them aren't submitting to their will.
* They use arguments to triangulate people (i.e. divide and conquer): "You were never as good as such-and-such a person", "I prefer your brother over you", "So, I cheated. What's the big deal! You didn't take out the garbage last week", "You know she has always been a bad person" - justifying cheating with erroneous justifications, flaunting another lover in your face, flaunting the close relationship they have with your sibling in your face while at the same time treating you with disregard, telling bad things about you to person A and then telling you bad things about person A (so that both people are brainwashed to see the other person as "bad" - it is how the narcissist gains control of both people), showing up at the wedding of your sister but disregarding your own wedding, and so on. Sometimes they try to make it a point to grind into your mind that you aren't loved; you don't deserve a voice or respect - but everyone else does. Beware: people high on the scale of narcissism spend most of their waking hours triangulating. They are too insecure not to be triangulating. Triangulating hurts you socially and isolates you (and many people are susceptible to brainwashing, especially with narcissists who can fake empathy for their victims, so narcissists often get away with these actions). "Don't talk to him (or her)!" is one of the most common phrases for narcissists. Trying to manage how you have relationships with others is also a sign. "Behavior lectures" when you are a full adult (and they are showing all of these other signs of narcissism) can be another bad sign.  
* They often use the "You're lazy" approach in arguments so that they can get you to feel guilty and persuade you to do as "you are told" by them. Close personal relationships with narcissists always bend more and more towards master-slave relationships. Narcissists are too power hungry to have relationships that are healthy, mutual, considerate and loving.
* They use arguments to attack and to put you on the defensive (they do this when they feel insecure about their ability to wield power).
* They use arguments to twist facts, come up with false narratives that make them look better to themselves and others, and to make you look worse. They also use the twisted facts to blame you and shame you. They refuse to have any "fault" stick to them, so they will be trying to pin it on you every time, even if they have to make up situations - count on it. 
* They use arguments to "play the victim": they will try to make the case that there are conspiracies against them, that "other powerful people" are trying to gain power over them, that they are the victim of smear campaigns (when they, themselves, have no trouble smearing others and twisting the facts in their favor). This is a ploy especially by covert narcissists to get you to feel sorry for them, to take care of them, to get roped into enmeshment with them (i.e. revealing all of your thoughts and feelings while they withhold all of their information), and to do their bidding for them, especially in assisting them in some way in bullying and/or recruiting. When they are done using you in this way, many of them will use you as a scapegoat when you refuse to get roped into another of their paranoid perspectives.
* They use arguments to build a case against you. This is kind of how criminals operate too. They try to trip you up in a way where you will do or say something so that they can justify more cruelty and selfishness (usually they are desperate enough to use erroneous blaming).

In other words, arguments with narcissists are not about finding middle ground, coming to an understanding, each person making concessions, each person compromising. It won't be like the arguments you have with others. The arguments rarely make you feel good, and issues are never resolved. On the other hand, narcissists feel much, much better when they are in arguments, especially if they can get a rise out of you. But they only feel better for a short amount of time because somewhere deep in their unconscious, they know that people pull away from them because of the arguments. The fact that they only feel better for a short amount of time means that they will start another argument, or if not, then another act of coercive control. 

For these reasons and many others, domestic violence counselors strongly urge you not to get into arguments with them. Arguments are a way for them to vampire you: to take away your strengths, your self esteem, your esteem in your mutual social circles, and even who you are and your life (if you let them). 

For the most part, domestic violence counselors urge their patients and clients to excuse themselves quietly from these types of arguments, not to give the narcissist ammunition by defending or attacking. Many patients and clients have difficulty with that because often there is some kind of huge injustice and provoked cruelty by the narcissist and the patient wants to defend their own honor, to get the narcissist to understand them so that the rift can be healed, to get the narcissist to stop being cruel. The sad reality is that it won't work. They have deemed themselves to be the persuaders and since they are so role-driven and black-and-white in their thinking, they believe their role is to persuade and your role is to be persuaded. If they are malignant narcissists (narcissists with sadism), they like that you are hurt, they like it that you are feeling injustice, they like it that you want to keep defending yourself without their regard, consideration, or care, and they like it that they keep thwarting your efforts to be understood. They like the frustration that arguments bring to you.

Beware: it will sometimes frustrate narcissists if you refuse to argue with them, and if you are being physically abused by them, they can get violent because of your refusal to engage with them. This is why you should always consult with a domestic violence counselor first before taking any actions (every situation is different).

My point here is to show that arguments with narcissists feed the narcissist temporarily, and they will be smug and arrogant, and they will stand tall, and they will scoff at you, and they will act like "winners", but they make you feel frustrated, if not sick and weak. If you have PTSD, arguments can also trigger PTSD episodes. The more arguments you have with narcissists, the more triggered you will be, the more symptoms you will have. If you are not at a place where your anxiety levels are through the roof at having to endure yet another one of their arguments, you will be there eventually, because every person has a "point of no return" where they cannot take any more of the stress that narcissistic arguments bring. You will eventually see why you will have to walk away from the no-win arguments. You probably will get to a point where you walk away from the narcissist too (their mere presence can also become a triggering event - which is one reason why some narcissists stalk, to purposely trigger you, and not kidding - always get help for these issues).

So, since they know on some level that their style of arguments are so unpleasant for others, and that people eventually walk away from them because of the brand of arguments they like to use (which forces them to find yet another scapegoat or narcissistic supply for the role of arguments), then why do they keep instigating arguments?

REGULATING THEIR RAGE AND OTHER EMOTIONS
AS ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS FOR THEIR LOVE OF ARGUMENTS

Remember that no-win arguments and scapegoats are necessary for the narcissist to keep them emotionally regulated. Why must they be emotionally regulated? Because they don't want to rage at absolutely everyone in their lives that they feel disappointed by, who they envy, who they feel angry with, and who they use for narcissistic supply. They want to channel their anger, jealousy and rage instead in a direction where they will find the least amount of culpability or social derision. They choose not to be treating everyone in a cold, cruel manner, so they save that part of themselves for you. 

The other thing they regulate through arguments and rage is their ego (a dysfunctional self esteem). By making you feel worse, studies have shown that they feel better. 

Usually narcissists only have a few scapegoats: one at home or within the family (usually a child, sometimes a spouse), one at work, and one in their social circle. The scapegoat serves as their dumping ground for all of their cruelty and harsh judgements. Usually they pick a scapegoat who they deem as weak, who they think won't defend themselves, someone who already has the qualities of self reflection (who they think will reflect well upon the narcissist and reflect badly upon themselves), who they think will give in under stress and blackmail, who they believe is having some self esteem issues (i.e. who is humble or is having trouble thinking of himself or herself as deserving, just the opposite of what they are: entitled), who they think will allow the raging and bad unethical treatment the most in their lives. Most of the time the scapegoats they choose are empathetic, sensitive, down on luck, going through something traumatic, or they are from happy families who help one another a lot. There is a good reason why these kinds of scapegoats don't last for them, but that is for another post. In the mind of the narcissist, they believe strongly that these scapegoats will last a lifetime, and if not, they try to keep the scapegoat in role by blaming them from afar (through smear campaigns mostly) until people around them tire of hearing about it and tell them to "move on". 

That's when another scapegoat becomes necessary.

So, how does having a scapegoat regulate their emotions? 

Most psychologists who treat narcissists report that narcissists are miserable, miserable people. They feel extremely high levels of rage compared to other people (just-on-the-surface-rage that they can barely control), extreme levels of jealousy and envy that they can barely control either, quite a bit of anxiety which is paranoia-related especially if they have hurt a lot of people, extreme levels of shame (shame creates rage in them) and if they don't have a reliable scapegoat, extreme levels of depression, listlessness and hopelessness. Depression and hopelessness for narcissists is called narcissistic collapse. 

There is a reason why it is called "collapse" rather than "depression." Because all of what they have done to others starts collapsing in on themselves and they begin to feel elevated levels of shame. They will try, and try, and try to put the shame on to someone else when they start to feel any inklings of that collapse, even adopt a makeshift or phantom scapegoat who is torturing them (they will always believe they can talk others into believing that their victims have tortured them instead, rather than the other way around). But when even this fails to work, and their grandiosity and ego is collapsing too, the collapse into hopelessness and listlessness begins to take on more and more momentum. Narcissists who have no scapegoats left can and do commit suicide. If they break the law with their narcissistic supply endeavors, or have too many victims who want to see justice done, they are the ones who hang themselves in their prison cells with the bedsheets. 

To keep them from feeling shame, or having to atone for their unethical, cruel and sometimes illegal misdeeds, they blame-shift and adopt a scapegoat. It's really as simple as that. In this way, they keep the shame, the rage, the cruelty, the envy and all of the other destructive forces of their own nature under wraps and under their control, only letting it bubble out and onto to a scapegoat (where they try to make it stick like glue). If they can get others to blame the scapegoat too, then they also feel more free to mistreat the scapegoat. The more supported they are, the more hidden the abuse is, the more malfeasance they feel they can dish out to their scapegoat, sometimes even in front of a large audience. They get reckless and arrogant about how they treat and fool others into thinking their scapegoat is 100 percent at fault. 

The scapegoat becomes the dumping ground for what bubbles up to the surface. Once they feel they have relieved themselves on the scapegoat without detection or accountability, they also feel relieved emotionally and empowered to do it again. It's as satisfying as "taking a dump", where all of the toxicity within themselves is relieved out on to another person. 

The scapegoat is used for fault-finding, for absorbing all of the narcissist's faults, for absorbing all of the narcissist's emotions ("You're SO jealous", "You're SO angry all of the time!", "You have NO control over your emotions" - all of it is projection on the narcissist's part, if you are feeling confused as to why they are saying these things to you). The scapegoat is also used for when things aren't going right for the family, at the work environment, and so on. The smear campaigns against the scapegoat are used to get others to gang up on the scapegoat too ("Believe me, not her" and "Don't talk to her" and "She's SO negative" with damaging gossip and false narratives is how scapegoating happens so seamlessly ... and by the way, the "negative emotions" arise in scapegoats because they are being attacked and treated with cruelty and disrespect and are often complaining about that fact).  

Which is to say that arguments with scapegoats never get resolved for a reason. The reason is the above reason. They aren't supposed to be resolved. They are only meant to provoke the scapegoat and use as another reason to relieve themselves of the toxic emotional pressures and shame within themselves. 

Some narcissists are so disordered that they think that if their scapegoats truly loved them and cared for them, that they would stick around and be willing to be abused by them, by their family or friends. "Prove your love for me by letting me abuse you" is not as uncommon as you would think. It is one reason why they choose empaths for the role over other kinds of people.

Thus scapegoating and arguing with people who they think they can coerce into feeling blamed and shamed is how they regulate their emotions so that they can put on a good face to the other people they have put into non-scapegoat roles. 

LACK OF EMPATHY AND RESPECT FOR OTHER'S FEELINGS
ALSO DRIVES THEIR LOVE OF ARGUMENTS

This is probably the most important part of why they start arguments, especially when you are in a close personal relationship with them, and why the arguments are so unpleasant (and often come with a great deal of injustice) and do not get resolved. 

Lack of respect for others and an inability to feel empathy for you is just part of their make up (it's their personality disorder and you can't do anything about it: you can't talk them into being empathetic towards you, and they don't want to regardless).  You can't talk them into being reasonable when they are argumentative. 

Anyway, they might show more consideration to some lover, or some favorite child, or a total stranger than they do to you, but that is because they feel less insecure and in a "safer" dominant position with these people than they do with you. If they feel their dominance is slipping, or on shaky ground around you, or that you might challenge their dominance, they usually become enraged. Discarding other people from their lives happens a lot because they flat-out refuse to be in relationships where they aren't dominating. As you learn more about narcissism, the discard can be "a blessing in disguise".

The discard often feels bad for you, especially at first, and is often confusing because many of them don't give you adequate reasons for it, but it also says a whole lot about them: that they are not empathetic. And it leads you to discover that they are narcissists. Generally narcissists practice idealize, devalue, discard in their close personal relationships. This behavior is pretty exclusive to them.  

"The blessing in disguise" is that relationships with narcissists usually don't go anywhere. They tend to cycle for a long time in the idealize-devalue-discard realm, so if you are discarded forever, you have saved yourself from any more cycles of this behavior. I have explained why relationships don't evolve into anything healthy like on-going mutual love, mutual intimacy, or mutual respect. In fact, the longer you are with them, the more they withhold. They even withhold love and empathy with a spouse and their own children. And there will usually be a great deal of broken promises too (especially something called "future faking" and often affairs): 

Love to them does not mean what it means to most people. For them it equates to you agreeing to be dominated, triangulated and isolated. If narcissists really revealed themselves, they would be asking themselves these questions about you:
* "Does he/she love me enough to walk on eggshells and try to please me at all times when I am in a rage?"
* "Is he/she insecure enough that I can treat them badly, even cheat on them, and will I still be able to count on them because they will believe the horrible things I say to them, and the horrible way I treat them? Can I crush their self esteem enough for my comfort?"
* "Can't they always put me first?"
* "Will they always listen to me first, and let me have power and control over them, and everything in their lives from career, to relationships to how they conduct themselves towards me? Will I get everything I want from them?"
* "Will he/she let me dominate them, or will it always be a fight?"
* "Will he/she be intimidated enough by people who I talk into hating them? People who I have brainwashed with false narratives?"
* "How do I keep him/her socially isolated so that they have no say?"
* "I can't believe I have to pretend to love him/her. It's so hard. I really don't love anyone. I wish they would just do what I tell them to do without having to go through this charade over and over again of having to convince them I love them when I really don't."

I could go on, but the point is that the internal dialogue is mostly about them, why they aren't getting the entitlements they think they deserve, why they can't bend people to their will as much as they would like, why they are so distraught because so-and-so is not acting the way they have been programmed by the narcissist to act.  

Intimacy to them also does not mean what it means to most people. 

Covert narcissists use love bombing, idealizing and flattery to try to get you to reveal the most intimate parts of yourself: your strengths, your weaknesses, what motivates you, your dreams, how compassionate you are, how loyal you are without revealing much of any of this themselves (and if they seem to, they are mostly lies, mirroring and projected blaming). Their lives are full of toxic secrets and maneuverings, and yours is an open book to them which they "use" for their own benefit. That isn't intimacy, and it is pretty clear it isn't when you are discarded or beaten over "nothings". 

While covert narcissists keep everything close to the chest, overt narcissists make sure the conversation always comes back to them, with a lot of grand-standing, boasting, laughing and chiding. They show very little concern for you because they overtly make it known that the world revolves around them, that they are important, that their views are the most important, that they are so important that you should follow them.

Mutual respect does not happen in relationships with narcissists because they expect that respect will only go one way, towards them. They will make it known they don't respect you when they get into a rage. The bullying comes out. They make attempts to crush your self esteem. Anyone who tries to crush your self esteem or to bully you (especially gang bullying) is not empathetic.

Their behavior, in short, compromises any dormant ability they may have to be empathetic. In other words, you can't be empathetic and treat people like this. So, the empathy they showed you in the beginning was fake, was "acted" to rope you in and try to get you enmeshed with the ultimate goal to dominate you and use you in some manner. 

Usually victims of narcissists are left with false promises and broken promises, so-called "mutual" dreams that don't go anywhere, and into your feeling extremely lonely in the relationship (because you aren't heard, they are stabbing you in the back constantly, using you for evermore triangulation games, and their love turns to hate over so many "nothings". See Sleeping With the Enemy review and Mommie Dearest where the rage over the "nothings" are best illustrated.  

However, even if they appear to show more empathy to someone else, it doesn't mean they are. They are usually playing head games and emotional games all of the time, even when they appear to favor someone else over you, or to be going back and forth in terms of who is their favorite of the month. It's called triangulation, which I discussed above. 

For the purposes of this post, I will be talking about close personal relationships (because business relationships deserve another post on this topic - and yes, even business relationships can escalate to a point where they are highly abusive and unethical, where triangulation is off the charts, and narcissistic co-workers can be especially abusive if they deem you as any kind of threat to their dominance, agenda, favoritism by the boss, or advancement).

To get back to their lack of empathy and respect ...  

It is pointless to argue with someone who has a lack of empathy. They are not going to care about how they effect you or how you feel. Lack of respect means they will not respect your wishes to stop or end the arguments (again they take it as you are criticizing them for starting yet another argument), so they escalate the arguments and cruelty to make you stay engaged (defending yourself, or trying to explain). If anything, they have blatant disregard for your feelings. Sometimes your feelings even enrage them because they take it as criticism of them. What do narcissists do when they feel criticized? They rage. So it is like a never-ending loop: you feel hurt by them and they rage because of it! - over, and over, and over again, getting worse and worse every time it happens. 

So they will probably not really hear you because the lack of empathy and the raging negates them having any kind of enlightenment. 

In the end, their attempts to argue (so that they can feel better, i.e. grandiose and arrogant again) backfires on them. They tend to live with a great deal of shame because of the lack of empathy they exhibit. And when they feel shame, the whole loop of rage over feeling criticized because of their lack of empathy is what causes them ever more shame ... 

The only way you can stay clear of being vampired from their arguments, is to not be engaged with them, or to walk out on arguments. 

The way you do this if you are a family member of a narcissist, for instance, and you want to stay in the family enough to see other members, Dr. Ramani Durvasula who is an expert on Narcissistic Personality Disorder often suggests: don't engage them in conversation other than the normal courtesy, lower your expectations a lot, don't take the bait (especially argument baits or bait that will lead to an argument), keep your dreams, successes, tragedies, thoughts and feelings to yourself, get them to talk about themselves instead, and withdraw from them as much as possible (she suggests doing it slowly, smartly, boringly, and without fanfare - a kind of lost child method).

However, keeping so much bottled up inside you is also not healthy for you. 

They love arguments because they don't have feelings for you, and they reason that it is a place where they can display their lack of empathy without being accountable (especially if they can get you on the defensive or under their control in the process).

THEIR LOVE OF TRIANGULATION ARGUMENTS

In these kinds of arguments, the narcissist compares you with others. Somehow you aren't adding up compared to ... 

Again triangulation arguments are extremely destructive arguments and heavily into the no-win category. 

Some triangulation games are: 

* trying to make you jealous of someone else
* trying to make you feel insecure about the sincerity of someone else (especially where it concerns love or regard for you)
* trying to divide and conquer siblings (and generally causing trouble between siblings)
* trying to coerce you to side with them against someone else (brainwashing, possible gang bullying)
* trying to coerce you to have a relationship or to stay in a relationship with someone who is abusive, or who is showing signs of abuse
* trying to be so unavailable that you have to go through someone who is cruel to you to communicate with them
* arranging a go-between to talk to them
* arranging a gang of bullies to talk to you instead of talking to you directly
* refusing to give you important family medical information if you are an adult child, keeping you from important financial information if you are married to them without going through someone else - very common
* refusing to talk to you unless they have the "protection" of someone who will back them up or ignore their abuse - to make you look unhinged and dangerous - also very common (and also projection)
* trying to get you to fight over them with a lover they have brought into your life together
* trying to make you feel "less than" their lover in the hopes that you will work harder for them
* sewing seeds of doubt about you to others
* damaging gossip
* parading people in front of you on purpose who do not mean you well
* playing the victim to get you to hate the person they say they have been victimized by (often the narcissist's victims are accused of being the victimizers)
* introducing you to someone they claim they aren't interested in, and once they find you are interested, move in to seduce them
* saying things like "No one likes you", "No one approves of you", "No one cares for you", "No one loves you", "Mom loves me; she'd never stick up for you"

All of these triangulation games and more are used by narcissists to get you to comply with their maneuvers and wishes as it regards others. If you refuse to be part of all of their "full time" triangulation games, they start arguments with you:

* "If you truly loved me, you would - "
* "So, he was acting with a little insensitivity. Why do you call it abuse?" - minimizing is extremely common for narcissists because they are working so hard to normalize abuse, and they like other abusers on hand when they aren't feeling they are in "the winning position". 
* "Did you hear what happened? They fell off a cliff! Aren't you happy for me?"
* "Your father never really loved you! I was the one who loved you! Why can't you see that? What is the matter with you!?"
* "Why can't you get it through your fat skull that Mom never loved you! Why would she love a girl anyway? You're competition for her!"

At this point, I have the opinion that you should never get into arguments when triangulating games are being inserted into the argument. My opinion might change, depending on the cases I see, but for the most part, I see absolutely no benefit at all in engaging with them when this is going on. Most psychologists agree. It is especially evident when full blown narcissism is present (all of the symptoms) - these include lack of empathy, "idealize-devalue-discard", smear campaigns and false gossip about other people, entitlement and hypocrisy, and the need for a scapegoat as part of their personal makeup.

ARGUMENTS WITH NARCISSISTS ARE ALWAYS RIFE
WITH INVALIDATION AND PERSPECTICIDE

I have written about perspecticide and invalidation extensively through this link. 

Basically, it comes down to the narcissist making these kinds of statements:

* "You didn't feel that way! The way you really felt is _______________."
* "You don't fool me for a minute. You're telling me you're hurt, but I know rage when I see it."
* "You can't be serious! She would never purposely try to hurt you!"
* "You uncle would never have sex with you! You need to apologize to him now!"
* "Your brother would never bully you! You need to apologize to him now!"
* "You're such a liar when it comes to your emotions. I know how you feel!"
* "You always mean to hurt me" when you don't (most likely this is projection on their part, because narcissists go out of their way to hurt you).
* "Your emotions have always been out of control and inaccurate." (probably projection too)
* "Why are you trying to tell me that your grandfather snuck into your room to play with your privates when I know d#mn well you tried to seduce him! Little tramp!"
* "Why are you telling me there was no gas in the car when I know I filled it up? I don't want to hear another word of this. You owe me for the gas, and you are grounded for a week."
There's more, but you get my drift ... 

Narcissists want to control the narrative of what happened, what your feelings are about what happened, and even lie about what happened so that it fits into their playbook about what kind of person you are. 

This is why the number of arguments with them is so high too. 

When domestic violence counselors and psychologists who are narcissism experts really want you to think about whether you can withstand any more "together-ness" with a narcissist, they tend to focus on all of the ways you are invalidated when there are disagreements between you and them. Some of them write the list on the blackboard of things the narcissist has said that were invalidating, cruel and false. They ask you to look at that list every time you think about going back to them. 

* Are you heard? No.
* Are your feelings being considered? No.
* Have they ever NOT indulged in perspecticide and invalidation during an argument? No.
* Do they make it seem they can read your mind and emotions and try to talk you into that? Yes.
* Do they say things like "I can read you like a book?" but they consistently don't understand what you are going through? Yes.
* Do they act as though you are lying about your feelings and thoughts? Yes.
* Have they ever shown any compassion for you when they pick fights? No.
* Do they get punishing and rageful when they feel criticized, when their grandiosity, dominance and power trips are being challenged? Yes. 
* Do they insist on getting their own way, and that you have to adapt to their perspectives on what you feel, and/or what happened? Yes.
* Do they try to change the narrative of what happened so that it is their narrative that dominates? Yes.
* Do they ever expect you to apologize to people who bully or abuse you? Yes.
* Do they ever try to pull other people into their narrative as being the one true narrative when it comes to your feelings, thoughts, experiences? Yes.

I think all of us can count on these things with narcissists. This behavior is part of their disorder.

When you are asked these kinds of questions on a consistent basis, you tend not to want to go back. It works. It breaks the cognitive dissonance.  

Narcissists love this dirty way of fighting arguments because it is yet another way for them to gain power and control: the narrative of what happened (even in situations when they are not there), the narrative of the emotions you are having, the narrative of the thoughts you have, the narrative of the experiences you have, the narrative of what your possible motivations might be and the narrative about your character. 

Power and control is also the motivation behind abuse. 

It is just one of many reasons why psychologists insist on low levels of conversation ("talk about the weather instead"), do not engage with them in arguments, withdraw as much as possible, leave them behind enough so that they have very little information about you or your life so that they will be forced to find another scapegoat (and believe me, they will).    

USING ARGUMENTS AS AN INDIRECT WAY
TO ABUSE AND PUNISH

Malignant narcissists, as opposed to run of the mill narcissists, are usually sadistic, vindictive, punishing and they practice schadenfreude. 

Malignant narcissists are like run of the mill narcissists in that they use arguments to make themselves feel better (more grandiose, more entitled, giving their ego and immune system a boost at the expense of yours). The difference is that malignant narcissists also abuse, punish, retaliate, and delight in your suffering to feel better too. In other words, arguing is not enough for them. They not only want to rage, but punish you too.  

So the way this works is that when they feel shame (or feel they are being criticized), they rage and punish. That makes them quite a bit more dangerous than the purely rage-ful run of the mill narcissist.  

If they are Machiavellian, they will, of course, be making elaborate plans on how to hurt you in addition to, or instead of, the impulsive rage at feeling "less than" (criticized, looked at as imperfect, looked as an abuser, looked at as sadistic, and so on).

Where the schadenfreude comes in is during the "check up on my victim" stage. If their victim is deeply traumatized and hurt, they get a hit of dopamine from it. In other words, they delight in their victims' suffering and they want the suffering to be long lasting, thus checking up on you to get information.  

Because malignant narcissists have Antisocial Personality Disorder symptoms in addition to Narcissistic Personality Disorder, they will usually be devoid of empathy. It is not that they don't want to feel it, they don't feel it. Asking them to be empathetic, would be like asking a man with no legs to walk: they just don't have it in them to feel empathetic towards others. 

With no ability to feel empathy, and with a substandard amount of conscience, they will by-pass all of your pleadings and your wishes to be understood to get to the punishment stage as quickly as possible. "You are bad, so you need to be punished" is the typical brazen phrase they will use unless they think it will hurt their reputation later on. 

But ... some malignant narcissists don't care about their reputations as much as run of the mill narcissists. They assume they will come out on top. They assume they will win the argument. They assume they will hurt you and crush you to the point where they will always be the dictator, and always have the right-of-way to hurt and punish others, and to always be in charge. They believe they will always have enough charm and charisma and that they can fake being the victim to be let off the hook for their sins and wrongs. 

They assume that all of their lies will be forgiven and glossed over too. Malignant narcissists make lying more of their full time occupation than triangulating, though they triangulate too. 

Personally attacking you when they don't like what they are hearing in terms of feelings you have, questions you are asking, thoughts about a compromise, are par for the course with malignant narcissists. All they want to do is to get to the punishment stage. 

Punishing others gives them a big boost of dopamine, as well as power and control. Again, the satisfaction they get from it is usually short lived - they usually have to find someone else to punish if you are not around for more of it. 

Punishments give them a powerful surge of arrogance and grandiosity. It makes them feel powerful because powerful positions where you get to punish other people tend to be judges, teachers, fathers of underage children, and mothers of underage children. They pretend at being one or all of these things so that they can get the dopamine high when they feel they must have it - and while it wouldn't provide that for the average person, it does provide it for the malignant narcissist. Narcissists live in fantasy worlds where they rule the stage or the world with their judgements - very child-like. It is especially child-like because these positions carry with them the responsibilities not to use erroneous punishments and perspecticide when "claiming someone else guilty", when grading papers, or assessing children. 

And if you notice, these kinds of abusers tend to treat you either like a child who needs to learn lessons from them and/or a criminal who needs to be incarcerated by them. They don't make good judges, or teachers, or parents, but they like to pretend that they do - at least to themselves. 

A perfect example of a malignant narcissist who acts like this is in the film, Sleeping with the Enemy. He insists to his wife that she is looking at a man in a lustful way. She explains that she had only briefly noticed him. The reason she only gets to say it once is because the husband interferes with her defense and smacks her so hard that she falls to the floor. Again, he gets to the punishment right away without concerning himself with what she might have to say, or even how she feels. It's a perfect example of how perspecticide and invalidation work, and it is also a perfect example of how a malignant narcissist goes from accusation to punishment without a backward glance. There isn't much of an argument per se, but the argument (the disagreement) festers and breaks them apart forever.

The punishments aren't always physical abuse. They can also be shunning or silent treatments, blackmail or coercive control, social isolation or false imprisonment, financial abuse or refusing to help during a medical emergency, smear campaigns and gaslighting to keep you socially isolated, neglect when you are dealing with a long illness or disability, indeed any kind or a combination of punishments are used. Then, to make matters worse, they escalate it all.  

Punishing other adults is the malignant narcissist's specialty. Don't be in their crosshairs. Know the signs.

IN CONCLUSION

Narcissists will usually insist that you deal with their arguments and "picked fights". They always have an agenda for these fights that benefit them but leave you feeling demoralized, unheard, out in the cold, depleted, sometimes numb, and, if you live with them, often sick with anxiety and other PTSD symptoms.

I will talk about how narcissistic arguments effect non-narcissists in another post. It isn't pretty. And if you are exposed to it a lot (in a marriage or as a child) it can be very, very damaging in terms of both physical health and emotional health. 

VIDEOS

This one is a great video in terms of explaining the narcissist's predictable blame-shifting maneuver

and why they almost never take accountability, 
but have no problems trying to force accountability out of others

"When You See THIS, It's Narcissism, Guaranteed":
by psychologist, Dr. Les Carter:

"Narcissist Crazy Making Communication and the 5 Secret Weapons They Use to Confuse and You"
by Lisa A. Romano:

(update: 3/29/21):
one of the best videos I have found on this subject,
"#1 Tactic Narcissist Use to Make Sure You Lose Every Argument Every Time"
by Lia R. Romano:

FURTHER READING

* recommended: 6 Toxic Arguing Techniques Used by Narcissists and Manipulators - by Darius Cikanavicius for Psych Central
excerpt of the six arguing techniques:
1. Arguing in bad faith
2. Fallacies, nonsense, word salad
3. Provoking, bullying, intimidating
4. Lying, denying, changing definitions
5. Deflecting, attacking, projecting
6. Involving others and acting out revenge fantasies

* recommended: How Narcissists Play the Victim and Twist the Story - by Darius Cikanavicius for Psych Central

* recommended (one of the best articles on why malignant narcissists choose one of their children to scapegoat: The narcissistic family’s scapegoat: Survival and Recovery - by Jay Reid Psychotherapy

How Narcissistic Parents Scapegoat Their Children (What it's like to be targeted by a narcissistic parent) - by Peg Streep for Psych Central

Narcissists and Scapegoats: A Comparison of Traits and Behaviors - by Naomi Soleil, Ph.D. for Different Brains

Four Reasons Explanations Rarely Work in an Argument with a Narcissist - by Rhonda Freeman, Ph.D. for Neuro Instincts

14 Thought-Control Tactics Narcissists Use to Confuse and Dominate You - by Dan Neuharth, Ph.D., MFT for Psych Central

11 Ways Narcissists Use Shame to Control - by Christine Hammond, MS, LMHC for Psych Central

3 Reasons You Can’t Win with a Narcissist - by Sarah Newman, MA, MFA for Psych Central

3 More Reasons You Can’t Win with a Narcissist - by Sarah Newman, MA, MFA for Psych Central

How to Argue with a Narcissist - by Dr. Ramani Durvasula, Ph.D. for Vice

How to De-Escalate a Fight with a Narcissist (What you need to know to smooth things over and end the fight) - by Elinor Greenberg, Ph.D. for Psychology Today

How to Win an Argument with a Narcissist, Part One - by Dr. Tara Palmatier for Crazy Busters

Five Reasons Why it is Futile to Argue With a Narcissist (Your head will be spinning from the nonsense) - by Carrie Wynn for Medium

Narcissist Fight Club Rule #6: Multiple Arguments to Derail and Distract - by Shrink 4 Men

7 Signs the Narc is Serving You a Word Salad - by Maggie McGee for Narcissistic Abuse Support

You Probably Think this Paper’s About You: Narcissists’ Perceptions of their Personality and Reputation - professional research by Erica N. Carlson, Simine Vazire, and Thomas F. Oltmanns

What Does Arguing With a Narcissist Sound Like? - by Leslie Glass for Reach Out Recovery

Learn the ways some abusers with mental illness negate responsibility for their choices - by Shahida Arabi for Bright Horizons

Narcissistic Rage and Narcissistic Injury - from Wikipedia

Malignant Narcissism - from Wikipedia

Unreality Check: Cognitive Dissonance in Narcissistic Abuse - by Andrea Schneider, LCSW

Arguing Quotes, Narcissist, Toxic People Quotes - Pinterest board (has quotes from therapists and psychologists too)

Creating a Blame Free Home (and why abusers and narcissistic people prefer a blame-filled home and the effect of that on victims)

A lot of blaming in a family can create hurt feelings, rushes to judgment, sometimes or often getting it wrong, siblings ratting on each other in anticipation of a punishment from a parent, siblings pretend-blaming just to get the upper hand with a parent (to get the parent to think of them as "the angel" and their sibling as "the devil"). What is worst, a lot of blaming can very often turn into "This is my son who is always good", and "This is my daughter who is always bad" (called splitting and "black and white thinking" in psychology terms).

Most families don't get to the point of splitting because they see value in all of their members. But blaming and trying to figure out who is right and who is wrong is not fool-proof by any means. Most people cannot even decipher lying. So, it doesn't make much sense to play the blame-game in a family (especially one with competing siblings, or siblings who do not get along) unless there is a fool-proof way of knowing who did what and when, and why, and there isn't.

Not only that, but the household can "sound" like a lot of blaming:

"Who left the cap off the toothpaste again?"
"Who left their cup on the table?"
"Who forgot to turn off the light in the bathroom?"
"Who left their toy truck on the stairs?"
"Who put matches on the coffee table?"
... and so on ...

The problem, also, with a lot of blaming in the home is that it can easily turn into shaming. "You did it! And therefor you are bad!"

I can tell you that teachers (of which I am one) are not allowed to shame children (it is school policy) because of the damage it can do to a child. By not shaming, and by not looking at children in "good and bad terms", you give each child the same consideration. Each child will get the best of you. Each child is considered on their own terms and not on how they stack against other children.

A child's self esteem is good for the nation and it is good for the child. "Children are the future" and the best way to provide the child, the family, the community and the nation with citizens with skills, intelligence, kindness, respect and a community spirit is to help children be all that they can be. If children are constantly blamed and shamed they cannot be all they can be because shaming will take over their internal dialogue. It is a good way to destroy your child (and a lot of children who only hear negative things about themselves do commit suicide, or if they think there is a softer place to land, run away).

While some things can interrupt a lot of a parent's blaming and shaming, such as the juxtaposition of another parent (or a teacher, or a grandparent, or an aunt or uncle, or anyone) who thinks the child is wonderful, the two opposing forces can create confusion in the child, at least for awhile. There is nothing like two grown-ups battling it out with one of them insisting the child is terrible while the other one is insisting the child is wonderful, and all of the reasons why and why not. When small children hear these fights, they tend to sit down, cry and plug their ears.

It would be like being in sports and one referee insisting you should be out of the game altogether because of your skills and lack of ability to think of other team mates, and the other saying you won the game fair and square with a tremendous amount of mastery, team work and competence.

A child is likely to go with the person who adores him and sees him as "a winner", but also who he respects in terms of morals, modeling and integrity. It is often why a child can succeed in an abusive home, even wildly succeed. Someone believes in the child, and no matter how much shaming and/or bullying goes on, somehow the child plugs away at his studies regardless.

Teachers, I believe, should be the people to reverse shame as much as they can for all students. And if teachers can do it, then parents can do it too.

Since shaming isn't allowed, blaming makes very little sense unless there are no other alternatives at hand.

In my own life, students who were disinterested in school, who had low self esteem, who were either highly allergic or somewhat allergic to authority, I tried to focus on what they were good at, and even put what they were good at as examples in the front of the classroom.

Rebelliousness, and a distaste for authority, can, and often means, that something went wrong with a grown-up (actions against the child). They might not have been taught; they were being hurt instead. What could have gone wrong with an authoritarian? Sometimes it is shaming.

Children know when adults are fair and unfair, when they are just and unjust, when they are being used and not used, when they are being erroneously blamed just so the parent can rage. Children also know that siblings see it all and act accordingly. These children also know how upstanding their own parent is (and even when there is a rampant amount of hypocrisy).

When you get a lot of unfairness, "using" a child, disrespecting a child, rejection of a child's abilities, erroneous blaming, then you often get a rebellious child (and believe it or not, rebelliousness is a healthy expression; it is when they shut down, become very depressed and give up that it isn't healthy).

So being an art teacher, I tried to bring out the rebelliousness in terms of the art they created. Very often rebellious students create art where the school is a prison, or the lunchroom is run by the Gestapo, or the school sports field is full of bullies trampling on one another (and once in awhile they focus on the home too), all of it run by awful authoritarians. They are trying to get attention that their situation feels bad, that there are chinks in the armor in terms of the school being an upstanding institution.

That is what rebelliousness is about after all: discussing the weaknesses, the need for improvements, the need for rights and justice, the hypocrisies, the drawbacks to authoritarianism (which, let us face it, there are many). Very often rebels see situations before anyone else and they can become "the canaries in the coal mine."

Scapegoats of families, scapegoats in schools (being mob-bullied and authority figures either ignoring it or making it the victim's problem to deal with), scapegoats of the workplace - all scapegoats can be triggered (trauma or PTSD triggers) by authoritarianism because authoritarianism is seen as something that will hurt them rather than help them. If authoritarianism has hurt them a lot, they will avoid anything like it in their future. That doesn't leave a lot of jobs open to them when they graduate from school.

In order to help students who are allergic to authoritarianism is to actually root for them, even to show them respect.  And certainly not blame or shame them (they probably had enough of all of that already). We are all capable of valuing some types of rebellion, surely. The rebellion of school being a prison is not something to ignore because of the numbers of students who see it that way (more than you would think). Human beings are not all going to become "yes-men", and that is a good thing. Rebelliousness is not a disability. There are usually very, very good reasons for it, something happening along the line in childhood that made them disrespect authority (why adults should always be working on their own integrity when there are children about).

So the challenge, for a teacher or other adult in the child's life, is to direct rebellion in constructive ways rather than destructive ways.

I did demand that some of my rebel students who were "upsetting others" stay after school (and yes, that is authoritarian, but my motives weren't to be authoritarian, but to work with their rebelliousness in a positive way). Most of them tried to weasel out of being kept after school too, which is predictable, and something to expect.

But what I tried to focus on was, first, the art itself, and second, on what they might want to do after graduating in terms of work.

Often they wanted to work for themselves, which is also expected of rebels.

The arts, whether it is a hobby or a full time job, is a great place to be a rebel. Rebels are particularly creative; they know how to express their causes; the arts tend to be a non-authoritarian environment.

So they expect to come in after school to be blamed and shamed and told their art is no good, but instead leave with some ideas for outlets for their rebellion, including the art they want to do.

I can tell you that life is a lot easier working with rebellion than against it. If you respect them and what they are trying to say, they will respect you as a teacher too. And they will know you are on their side and rooting for them.

That can be translated to parenting too.

Rebels often make the biggest impact on society: Jesus, Martin Luther King, Gandhi, Spartacus, Nelson Mandela, William Wallace, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Harriet Tubman, and so on ... These people became much more well known and respected than the people who tried to keep them down. Again, we can't all be "yes men" and "that's a good thing".

But, you might say, if it wasn't for all of the blaming and shaming, we wouldn't have rebels to begin with, and we wouldn't have progressed, as a species, and as a nation, in our treatment of each other. The Americans who came here in the beginning were scapegoats and rebels, for the most part, and they wrote a constitution that addressed a lot of the injustices they were facing in other countries. "Cruel and unusual punishment" was one of them. We all benefit from that being addressed in our Constitution today: there are no more torture chambers, and there are mostly good attempts at fair trials too (erroneous blaming is thrown out, blaming on speculation is not considered, confessions while being tortured are not acceptable ... although "the system" always needs fine tuning: the "Black Lives Matter", The Child Victims Act," the Supreme Court decision that presidents are not above the law, and the "Me Too" movements in recent times show the flaws).

To keep a family from falling apart from disrespect, over-rebelliousness, speculative justice, and all of the "who done it" nonsense that families can devolve into, the idea of a blame-free home is to focus on the issues rather than on making it personal.

The idea of a blame-free home in which to raise children, first came from the work place, in particular, how to deal with slip-ups, costly mistakes, situations that put other members at risk, etc.

In the medical community, the blame-free environment was adapted first to deal with medical mistakes. The way it was used was that the people in charge began looking at what was wrong with the teaching, methods and protocol, rather than being punitive towards a medical worker, most of whom were trying as hard as they could not to make a mistake.

The problem is that when the mistakes of an individual are pointed out too much, it becomes personal ("Something is wrong with that worker!"). They found that medical workers were trying to hide their mistakes instead.

And they found that even if a worker left, the next one was often making the same mistake.

Personalizing mistakes can create a lot of anxiety in a worker, and activates the amygdala (fear, flight, fight, avoid), rather than highlighting all of the issues around which mistakes happen. When a worker is going around afraid of making a mistake, they often make more mistakes.

This phenomenon is illustrated pretty well in Keeping Up Appearances (a comedy show about a self-involved grandiose narcissist called Hyacinth), where Elizabeth is invited by Hyacinth for a cup of coffee. Elizabeth is often a nervous wreck when she visits Hyacinth. And Hyacinth doesn't make it easy on her. Because Elizabeth's anxiety levels are so high, her hands begin to shake, and the coffee cup shakes, and she spills coffee on Hyacinth's floor or table every time. But, each time Elizabeth goes to Hyacinth's she thinks it will be different, that she can be in control of her own nerves, put up boundaries against Hyacinth's narcissistic entitlements, that that it will be the first time she doesn't spill coffee. But it never works out that way.

This is how you can make more mistakes when mistakes are blown up to huge proportions by others in the work place too.

This is also how scapegoating can begin to happen in a work environment, and how one scapegoat can replace another in terms of "who to blame" when the original scapegoat leaves. Toxic work environments always need a scapegoat.

When other medical workers were interviewed about someone else's mistake, they mostly said they might have made the same mistake in the same situation, thus the need to look at the problem in its entirety, rather than using the convenient blame-game, which turns out to solve problems a lot less efficiently.

"Blame the process, not the people" became the motto. In an environment where processes are looked at more than people, workers will admit to mistakes much more readily too because they look at the work environment as a learning environment open to better measures, rather than a punitive one.

Since then the medical establishment has fine-tuned some of this so that it isn't totally 100 percent blame-free any more, but mistakes have weighed far more on the blame-free side of issues with workers than on the blame-filled side. Minimizing blame also keeps workers co-operative. Any time you introduce blaming (especially with shaming), you will set up an environment that has vulnerabilities, fierce competitiveness, scapegoating and workplace bullying, the latter being the most egregious. But you can see the natural progression of how it can be a series of mistakes, turning into scapegoating, then turning into workplace bullying.

Good parents are usually open to a lot of different perspectives, experiments, different ways of doing things, different ways of seeing things, and even go to therapy, or send squabbling siblings to therapy together. They are not attached to blaming as a "correct style" that is some right of passage sent down to them by their parents, and must be passed down the next generations, or a tradition made in stone (and possibly producing generational toxicity, like passing a poison from one generation to the next).

Authoritarian families have an Achilles heel in the way that they often become abusive, and split down the middle in terms of their children's loyalties. Authoritarian work places also have the same Achilles heel.

Anyway, creating a mostly-blame-free home (and a more peaceful one) can be done if your children haven't gotten to the point where they are dangerous towards one another. If they are dangerous, and the sibling rivalry is out of control, the family should be in counseling together.

If you are at a point of trying out a blame-free home, here are some tips: 

This mother figured out a way to work towards a blame-free home by doing this instead of trying to pin-point an at-fault child (from the article, How To Stop Sounding Like An Owl & Create A Blame Free Home by Tina Louise Balodi for "Kids in the House"):

... I would see a pencil on the floor and instead of saying “Who left this sharp pencil here on the floor,” I’d say, “Safety Violation.” Immediately, they looked around to see what I was referring to and picked up the pencil and put it away.” That was it, worked like a charm. It also made it not personal. I didn’t have to decide who did it and why. It is possible to achieve the same outcome that we desire by describing and observing an action or behavior rather than placing blame on who did it ...

There are a lot of good points in that article. Here is another one:

They will learn to clean up by seeing you do it. “You can say, it’s time for dinner and I see all the awesome artwork tools still here and papers all over. Can you come tell me if you are finished creating so we can set the table? Can you help me decide what is trash, recycling, or you still need for your project?” It is completely possible to speak to our loved ones without one ounce of attack or criticism.

As a teacher, tasks like handing out art supplies took up learning time. So, I had the tasks be a community activity: 

"Who is going to help me hand out the scissors?"

"Who is going to help hand out the glue bottles?" 

... and so on ... 

A lot of them raise their hands wildly. Some of them never raise their hands. In that case, I asked in a compassionate way:
"You seem so quiet back there. Would you like the chance to come forward and pass out all the art we were working on yesterday?"

Co-operation becomes the goal to work towards at all times in a classroom situation. And most of them become inspired by what other students are doing.

I found it was also useful not to put kids in any kind of hierarchy; i.e. "most talented", "best at drawing" etc. While I liked putting up the best work, it didn't always fulfill goals at motivating others. If I could put up a "good work" instead of "the best work" done by a student who was deemed by classmates "not to be the best at art" and focus on what was "going right", it tended to motivate not only the student, but other classes that came in.

"'So and so' did that drawing? Wow, I've somehow got to do better!" I could hear the competitiveness, but I also very much liked to shake up the leaders' constant grip at the top too (usually they strive to be at the top of every class, not just art class, and while they got the grades they deserved, they were not always featured on the board).

If you want siblings to get along, they should be looked at as a team, as equals, as real people with real feelings, and not as competitors, or puppets. Competition will tear their relationship apart, and also tear the family apart. It may seem counter-intuitive, but that is what we see in terms of the parental expectations and promotion of competition between children, that it can lead to more fights, more destructive behavior towards each other, not less.

Your children are not "really yours" anyway. They aren't your workers, or your pleasers, or your future parents, or your nodding heads in-agreement-with-everything-you-do-or-say, or your chances to make your dreams come true. They aren't even there to prop up your self esteem. If you had good parents, you will know this already. You will also be fully adult in that you will not even think to look to your kids to boost your self esteem. They aren't capable of it anyway, because they are too busy growing up and figuring out how they will survive, and thinking about their place in the world. 

If I can get 25 - 30 kids to co-operate, a home should be able to get 2 - 10 of their kids to co-operate too.

The first part of getting kids to co-operate and enjoy the togetherness and friendship that it brings is to stop the blaming and shaming.

When problems arise, think of other creative ways of dealing with the problem other than attacking.  After a lot of trials, it should come naturally to you, and I would bet you see better results.

WHY DO NARCISSISTS (AND ABUSERS IN GENERAL)

PREFER A BLAME-FILLED HOME

Normal families aren't going to be able to relate to this, but this is what happens when blaming is off the charts, and when the parents don't know how to control situations other than to abuse their children.

In many ways, abusive families do the opposite of what healthy loving families do.

On the agenda of most narcissists (and abusers in general) is controlling you, your actions, your words, your appearance, and sometimes even your thought processes and emotions. They cannot control you all that well unless they are blaming you. 

In fact, the more blamed you are (especially mixed with invalidation and perspecticide), the more abused you are ... that would be my bet. Invalidation, perspecticide, blaming and shaming go together like peas and carrots in abusive relationships. 

Blaming is huge, and part of everyday life in a home with a narcissist or sociopath in it (the kinds of people most likely to abuse their kids). 

Not only that, but your mistakes are blown up to gargantuan proportions. However, their standards for perfection for you are different than they are for themselves. Hypocrisy is the great fault-line when it comes to abuse, and how you can tell, from the very beginning, if you are in an abusive home or not. The more hypocrisy the "authorities" display, typically the more disordered they are, the more abusive they are, or will become.

And if that wasn't enough, most narcissists and sociopaths are into erroneous blaming and punishing too.

But, wait. That isn't enough for them either. All of the blaming is done to get to a place of shaming, and trying to get you to feel ashamed so that they can convince you that you are too flawed to treat well, or to love, or to deserve (deserve respect, deserve a peaceful home, deserve consideration, deserve to be heard, and so on). The shaming gets pretty severe for most of them since abuse escalates.

The reason for all of the shaming is to try to convince you that you are so flawed that they need to dominate you and tell you what to do all of the time. If they can convince you that something is seriously wrong with you (crazy or stupid), then they can starve you of love and use these tactics:

* You aren't as good as (someone else: sibling, cousin, friend, lover, new boyfriend, etc), called triangulation. They love triangulation so much that they are at it most of their waking hours: pitting people against each other, making you go through someone else to talk to them, using some other person as the fall guy for when they slip up or their image is being scrutinized in public (they typically try to draw others in to do battle against you and to shame you further). If you are new to the subject of narcissism, if you see this tactic being used, this would be a good time to create distance and to keep your whereabouts, dreams, ambitions, etc to yourself.

* Enmeshment: Everything you do in your life and the people you associate with has to go through them. (I have yet to do a post on enmeshment, but when I do, I'll put the link in).

* Smear campaigns: People are constantly told that you are crazy at the very least. They want others to have doubts about you so that they can have more control and influence over you and them, and the perceptions of all of you. You are basically not allowed to have the same closeness and status that they have with those same people. Smear campaigns damage the relationship between parent and child, but they don't care. Narcissists and sociopaths have very little capacity to care how anything effects their child.

* Isolate you: So you won't have anyone else to go to. They will be the only person in your life (who they deem truly cares about you). It is their way of gaining complete dominance and control of you, or so they believe. However, they never feel they have enough control and dominance which is why most narcissists become abusive. They think that abuse will get you in line with everything they want. But in order to to get you isolated enough for them, they will be trying to play with reality. For instance, you didn't really hear them say that (you must be imagining things again, you must be imagining that they have ill intentions towards you even ... you aren't really being bullied, "you're just too sensitive") which is where gaslighting comes in:

* Gaslighting: Typical phrases of gaslighting are:
- "You're crazy!"
- "Oh, there you go again!" - when you are upset by something they did.
- "It's not that big a deal" or "You're making a mountain out of a molehill" when they have done something to hurt you (translation: hurting you is no big deal to them)
- "You know what you did wrong! You mean to tell me that you just don't get it!"
- "You're too sensitive."
- "It's too bad your mind, is, well ..."
In fact you are deemed to be so crazy and unhinged that when they are hurting you, isolating you, talking trash about you, and are so claustraphobic and in too much of your life and space with their enmeshment (to convince that you can't tell that they are actually helping you instead of hurting you): that is the real agenda behind gaslighting you.
Since they need to take over telling you what you are really experiencing, feeling and thinking so that they can gain even more control over you, they are going to be indulging in as much invalidation and perspecticide as they can muster. Which brings us to the ultimate gaslighting kind of treatment:

* Perspecticide and invalidation: of your experiences, thoughts, feelings, health and well being is necessary for them so that their agendas always come first. They deem you to be so crazy, in fact,  that they need to tell you that what you are feeling is NOT what you are actually feeling. In fact, the arguments about your feelings, thoughts and perspectives will be escalating in intensity and in number of arguments. They will insist that what you are feeling is what they say you are feeling. It gives them control over your feelings, thoughts and experiences, and puts them in charge of telling you everything you are going through on all levels. But still, this is not enough domination and control for most of them. They are still way too insecure that you might believe someone else's words and agendas over their own, and God forbid, have self esteem. Your self esteem is not something that most narcissists and sociopaths can deal with. They are still way too panic-ed and insecure for any hint of that. They want you super, super vulnerable, super destroyed, super hurt, impressionable, gullible, down on your luck, down on your knees begging them to stop hurting you, grieving and traumatized enough to be desperate (so that they can take advantage of your desperation and use it for domination again).
   In order to produce this constantly desperate human who will do anything, anything for them just to get some little breadcrumb (aptly called "breadcrumbing" by domestic violence counselors) to relieve you from their pain.
   In fact, at some point if you are not following their commands, even if they are incredibly self destructive to you, they will be:

* Punishing you: Punishing you can take many forms. The common ones are:
- the silent treatment (purposely ignoring you, pretending you don't exist, sometimes waiting for you to be desperate enough so they can dominate you again)
- not allowing you to do x, y, and z
- more smear campaigns (usually as damaging as they can make them while still trying to make them seem believable)
- physical blows
- false imprisonment
- financial abuse (the sudden withdrawal of money or help)
- refusal to help you when you need to be helped (medical, disability, contact number for a person in your common family, etc)
- more shaming (trying to bring shame upon you through other people, other people's judgments, trying to convince you that you are isolated and that no one likes you or loves you, calling up your boss or spouse to try to get them to hate you too, and so on)
- enlisting co-bullies (called flying monkeys in psychology circles) to help them do their dirty work on getting you down and under their domination again
   The premise behind punishing you is that if they hurt you, you will behave in the manner that they want you to behave. It's rather simplistic: if you whip a horse, will it behave? If you hit a dog, will it behave? If you hit a human, will the human behave? After all, let's not forget that Mr. or Mrs. Narcissist or Sociopath has deemed you to be so flawed, even when you are a full adult when "punishing" should be over and done with in terms of lessons, they can't. Remember they have invalidated you, so you can (and often are) seen as less than human.
   In fact they hope that they are so good at all of these maneuvers that they can be Dr.Jekyll to everyone but you (you get Mr. Hyde instead). And because they seem so gracious and kind to everyone else, often going overboard, people who know them think you must be one ungrateful b$tch or b#stard. The end result is that you will be living in a nightmare:

* Splitting (psychology term meaning two-sided, it is all or nothing, black and white thinking, my way or the highway, etc), which includes Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde behavior among so many other things. All of the splitting and the temper tantrums, punishing behaviors and tactics, constantly maneuvering to call all of the shots (except them being afraid they aren't calling the shots enough in your life) adds up to walking on eggshells day and night:

* Expecting you to walk on eggshells: fearful of when the next blow-up will be and what will trigger them to become abusive. Typically the way they want you to walk on eggshells is to be:
- fearful
- anxious of when the next episode will be
- fawning to make them less volatile, angry and "off their nut"
- there is no stability in your world: your job is to regulate their temper, their angry outbursts, their desires to punish you for your seeming recalcitrance to their commands, to be compliant, and to sometimes keep them from smashing up your property and your body
- they don't want you to have a peaceful, non-volatile, non-argumentative, non-abusive, non-roller-coaster life, or a blame-free shame-free environment because they feel they can't control you enough if you have that. So they try to isolate you and damn you to a world where you are always complying with them, agreeing with them, regulating them, being willing to be damaged and punished by them, defending yourself and then agreeing with them in arguments when you are accused by them, feeling trapped by them, and so on.

Such an awful cocktail for their victims, isn't it?

But the reason why they do it is all for the end-game of complete domination and control of you. They are way too insecure to live without the constant time-soaking blood-soaking agenda of power and domination over others.

For most of us, that is a turn-off and we will head for the hills (children can't, so they develop unhealthy coping strategies instead). But with the exception of grandiose narcissists, their narcissism is not so easy for most of us to spot. We can be in a relationship with them, and it will creep up on us and then attack when we are most vulnerable.

Covert narcissists, in particular, use a combination of victim-hood (pretending to be a victim to draw people in to help them, though some have some real victim-hood in their past, but typically not even close to what they are espousing, and often claiming to be the victim of people who they have abused, including their own children ... and we wonder why some children do not respect their parents), getting information from you without revealing much about themselves, mirroring (i.e. espousing the same interests and dreams that you have), and a lot of triangulating to socially isolate you.

I will be talking about different kinds of narcissists in another post. But, suffice it to say that all of them are dangerous, whether emotionally, psychologically or physically, and all of them continually practice dominating you to get you into a more and more compromised, subservient  and vulnerable position. And the way they start this process is to blame you for a little of this and a little of that while complaining to others about you behind your back.

If you make explanations for the way you do things, and your way of thinking, they will start in the beginning by lecturing, sometimes with scoffing and some haughtiness, then they will eventually graduate to trying to take over the conversation or moderate it. The next step in the graduation process is getting angry with you (with or without the lecturing), until they feel comfortable with you enough that they will rage at you and become verbally abusive. They will also typically tell you that you are making them rage, however, realize that they do not rage like that in public, so they are very capable of politeness in all kinds of situations when it suits them.

It all adds up to an incredibly unstable life for victims.

HOW VICTIMS REACT
TO CONSTANT BLAMING
(note: this focuses on abusive families,
but may be helpful to see the extremes of it in terms of how children cope)

If you are a victim of child abuse and an adult now, some domestic violence therapists will suggest that you get over the legacy of your child abuse and the symptoms it brought you by adapting a blame-free home with your mate and/or new family.

The reasoning behind it is that if you grew up with blaming (which you probably did if you were from an abusive home), it can cause a lot of anxiety to be re-living all of the who-done-its and being jumpy over mistakes, whether there will be gaslighting, whether there will be all of the tactics I talked about in the second portion.

Just hearing blaming can set off the alarm bells in your head.

The typical way that victims react to a lot of blaming is to fawn, fight, take flight, freeze or avoid. 

In the beginning, the perpetrator of all of the blaming (usually turned to erroneous blaming over time) usually calls the shots in terms of which of these four will be acceptable to him or her. 

Victims are likely to fawn at first, especially if they are vulnerable in some way. Vulnerable might mean people who are young and innocent, disabled, grew up with child abuse, grew up with poverty, etc. They will be willing to fix what ever is wrong just to bring stability back into their relationship and back into their lives with the perpetrator.

Most fawning with abusers is very unhealthy for the target because in most cases the target is sacrificing their mental and physical health to do so. A family member (or family members) aren't meant to be cowering, being pressured, being a target of rage and abuse, putting the narcissist's feelings and opinions, desires, etc, first at all times.

Fawning can keep you safe from abuse, but that is the only good that it does.

Most targets know that the abuser expects his target to fawn, but most abusers wouldn't be caught dead fawning (at least to their victims). So all of this is very much role-driven and hypocrisy-driven by the narcissist (and while roles are common and a must for them, their targets, for the most part, want to get out of role, even when they are fawning).

But not all abusers want fawning targets.

Some of the reasons they might not want one include:

* they want to use you as a scapegoat instead
* they look at family members as business partners, which most of the do (you are either in their  business, even if it is a business of "breadcrumbing" rewards - it is usually an "all or nothing" situation too, in which you are all in or all out, totally accept their terms or you're outside completely, and so on)
* they find your style of fawning sickening, or not believable
* they only want one or two fawners and you're not good at it
* they only want fawners they can count on 24/7, who will consistently "do as they are told"
* you're too (talented, smart, beautiful, successful, happy, etc) to be a good reliable fawner. Let's face it, fawners who are insecure, not driven, not ambitious, not successful, easily brainwashed, child-like, who can easily be put in second place by the narcissist and be dominated, who go along to get along, are the best bet for the narcissist in terms of a fawner (or so most of them think ... I get to why not over the long term).

Anyway narcissists and sociopaths think that people from happy families, or a trauma survivor, or someone seriously down on their luck, or an empath, or anyone they deem to be vulnerable and sensitive, will make the best fawners, including their own children, but there are so many reasons why they won't be, and I cover why briefly in the post.

The best fawners are criminals, other narcissists, and other sociopaths. Not kidding. They know how to fawn like a pro, without being personally or emotionally effected by false narratives, constant lying, splitting, gaslighting, excuses, Machiavellian thought processes, and other immoral behaviors. They keep their eyes on the prize and everything else is just an annoyance which they cover up with false smiles and a lot of flattery.

The problem with a person who is insecure, not ambitious, not successful, easily brainwashed, a wet dishrag, etc, is that they are disabled in some way. There is a reason they are not passionate about something in their lives, and why they are not acting as full adults, or want to act as full adults. While they fawn, they are also usually too sensitive and vulnerable for the narcissist's or sociopath's disciplinary actions, punishments, retaliations, vindictiveness, and their slave-master mentality. Dishrags serve until they either become disabled by the demands put upon them (remember: they are not ambitious), or they are scapegoated, or they get so handicapped and paralyzed by trauma that they cannot function as the narcissist's robot any more. They aren't particularly equipped to deal with a lot of blaming either, and either cower or self-destruct.  

The perpetrator will either accept the fawning from an individual or they won't (as a honeymoon period in the cycle of abuse). This means he sometimes accepts it for a period and then doesn't ... and then does again, then doesn't. The more drastic these cycles are, the more trauma you will experience.

If he doesn't accept the fawning for a period of time, usually it is for one or more of these kinds of reasons (what they say to you or how they treat you):

* the apology isn't good enough

* the overture isn't good enough

* the overture isn't up to snuff because you have been told that you owe him much, much more

* unless you "behave yourself" (mostly "behave yourself" is left open to interpretation - and notice how narcissists and sociopaths talk to their spouse as if they are a child who needs to learn lessons -  at any rate, most of us know that "behave yourself" means "you must be under my control; I must dominate you"). The consequence for not letting the perpetrator dominate you is that you will be punished

* it is time for you to get punished good and hard (you have been let off too many times)

* you aren't good enough (he can do better than you: he tries to make you out to be a sacrifice and a "project" instead of an equal human being, and can point to someone else as being better than you are)

* the silent treatment

* treating you with ice cold disregard or invalidation

* if you are a child of the narcissist, or a spouse who is financially dependent on the narcissist, or a child who is being paid for sex (for rich pedophiles who leave victims a tip), this is when they use "the ungrateful phrase"; i.e. they have decided that you are ungrateful for what you have received from them and therefore deserve to be punished for it (i.e. to be in pain for not complying with the fuzzy terms of your perpetrator).

The problem with the punishments and all of the tactics (lecturing you, blaming, shaming, triangulation, gaslighting, splitting, expecting you to walk on eggshells, invalidation, smear campaigns about you, isolating you from support, attacking when you are most vulnerable and then playing the victim to avoid accountability) is that this becomes synonymous with authoritarianism in the eyes of the victim. In other words, the victim will always remember that authoritarianism hurts.

The punishments plus all the tactics create a lot of trauma in their victims.

If you get your leg caught in an animal trap in tall grass, not only will other animal traps cause anxiety, but so will tall grass. If it happens a lot, people start to begin to avoid all tall grass.

It is not much different when it comes to authoritarianism. People who have been hurt by authoritarianism again and again will avoid it. Depending on the trauma, anything authoritarian-sounding can create panic.

Some survivors say they cannot tolerate anyone commanding, pushing, forcing or persuading them. They can't take lecturing. They can't take attacks of any kind. This can be true for soldiers as much as child abuse victims because commands are what caused the hurt, and then the trauma.

As far as child abuse is concerned, gaslighting becomes totally intolerable. So does splitting. So does someone trying to isolate them. All of the tactics, and flash-backs about the tactics, in fact, become traumatic. A lot of PTSD reactions also happen on a physical level: stomach, heart, head, muscles, sleep, nightmares, so it isn't like a little anxiety that goes away in a couple of hours. It is an onslaught of feeling really, really ill and disabled. It can be so bad that some survivors go so far as to say that a single minute around their parent triggers them so much that they don't want to see their parent again.

So all of the ambitions to hurt the child in order to get the child to comply, does the opposite from what the parent wants. The child becomes too "disabled" to comply.

If the child is hostage to the parent, then dealing with it all becomes unhealthy: trying not to feel because feelings make you miserable (and sometimes becomes part of the personality called Alexithymia), getting addicted to substances (because the mind filled with anxiety and feeling hurt is a terrible place to live in), trying to self-destruct in some way to have the pain and anxiety end, or conversely becoming more aggressive to ward off authoritarianism - these are not uncommon.

The most severe manifestations of PTSD can cause the inability to talk or respond, which is actually contrary to what an authoritarian dictator wants.

This is why abusers (including abusive parents) often have to move on to another source of narcissistic supply. They know their target is becoming disabled, and they are not really getting what they want anyway, so they look around for another sycophant (sometimes another one of their children who they feel they can mold more easily). Or a friend (especially one who will buy their "victim stories" and "how much they love their children ... or spouse").

FURTHER READING

* Walking the Punitive / Blame-Free Tightrope - by Becky Miller, MHA, CPHQ, FACHE, Executive Director, Missouri Center for Patient Safety, and Revee Booth, BJ, Communications Specialist, Primaris
The article discusses the Just Culture Model.
excerpt:
   Before 1990, health care was a highly punitive field. When mistakes were made, they were the fault of the individual. Fear of retribution caused mistakes to go unreported, and the opportunity to expand our knowledge about errors was lost ... 

* Sustaining A No Blame Environment - staff at Michigan Tech

excerpt:

Over and over we revisit the phrase of “Blame the process, not the people,” and how this concept plays such a big role in Continuous Improvement ...
   ... Put the spotlight on the process, not the people– The very first thing to do is to stray away from blame by asking the reason why a person did something a certain way. Stop searching for who did what wrong. Instead, invest time and energy dissecting a process and seeing in what ways it allows for ambiguity and mistakes. You must turn away from the idea that someone did something wrong, but rather look at that the process as wrong and that there’s an opportunity to correct it ...
   ... Respect a (person)’s capabilities– In order to have a blame-free environment, you must have respect the person, this includes respecting a persons capabilities. If an outcome is not desired or expected, searching for someone who is “guilty” is not respecting them in their role, nor is it respecting their capabilities to perform in their job. It is jumping to conclusions that they are inefficient or not “up to snuff.” When you look to the process first when there’s an issue, you are letting others know that it is not them and that you trust their capabilities ...

* Creating A Blame-Free and Gossip-Free Work Environment - from The University of New Hampshire

excerpt:

Imagine a workplace without the constant stressors of blame and gossip. The concept is easy to understand, and hard to make a reality. But once accomplished, the workplace is safe and productivity and motivation increase. Employees feel comfortable to bring up concerns and become increasingly proactive addressing issues. It doesn't matter who is to blame. What does matter is that what's not working gets fixed. When the environment is not punitive, employees are much more willing to own up to mistakes and take responsibility when something goes wrong.

* The following article is about improving the work environment through minimized blame. A blaming environment creates cover-ups, inauthentic behavior, anxiousness about "not being perfect" (an emotion that can create more mistakes rather than less of them), and even scapegoating. The premise here is to solve problems rather than to assign blame. Leaders have to take charge of this environment:
Why Blame Stalls Improvement & 5 Ways Leaders Can Create a Blame-Free Environment - by Tracy O'Rourke

excerpt:

Model the Way
   This can be tough for some leaders, but the message will go a long way! If leaders share some of their own mistakes and show that exposing mistakes can lead to innovation and process improvement, then leaders are modeling the way. If leaders share that they are taking calculated risks and ask others to share how they are doing the same, this can encourage others. If leaders promise they will no longer search for the guilty and they follow through, employees will begin to believe that things will be different! These can be great examples of leaders modeling the way which paves the way for employees to follow.
   Reducing blame in an organization can seem monumental, but with a focused effort from the leadership team and willingness to change behaviors and actions, it can be done!

* How to Create a No-Blame Work Environment - staff at AMN Health Care Services

excerpt:

   Nurses are patient advocates. As such, we need to create a culture of safety in which cooperative teamwork, staff empowerment and the development of a "no-blame" work environment provides a framework for safe practice.
   Eleven years ago, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report entitled: To Err is Human: Building A Safer Health System. This report fundamentally changed the way in which the healthcare profession assigns blame when medical errors occur. Essentially, this report concluded that medical errors are mostly caused by faulty systems rather than individuals. This shifts the blame from the individual to the environment and has led to many improvements in methods and technologies over the years ...

Toxic Families: Ignoring These Things Will Cost You - by David McDermott
excerpt:
   When a victim does begin to realize that things are not right, it's usual that they go looking for information to try and understand what is going on. They may consider their abuser to be a controlling mother, a bullying brother, a strict father, an abusive uncle or an emotionally unavailable parent. These terms may be accurate but they may not give the full picture.
   Several studies have found a very high incidence of personality disorders among abusers. In one study of court ordered therapy for spousal abuse, upwards of 80% of abusers were found to have a personality disorder. In other words, they were psychopaths or narcissists. If your toxic family member is a psychopath or a narcissist, this is very different from someone who is a bit controlling. It changes everything ...
   ...The toxic elements of toxic families are very often psychopaths and narcissists and dealing with these types requires a different set of rules. If you try and manage the situation using the normal, polite rules of society, you will lose. It's that simple, because they most certainly are not using these rules.

   He goes on to say something which always should be remembered:

   - They have one set of rules for themselves and a different set for everyone else. These rules are apt to change without notice.
   Part of the problem for children growing up in abusive families is that they grow up with a sense that feeling hurt inside every day and being abused is normal:If someone is 25 when they are recruited into a cult they have 25 years of experience before the cult. When they leave, they have those 25 years of normality to use as a reference. This makes it easy to compare and contrast both periods of time. People born into toxic families do not have a 'before' with which they can compare the years of abuse. They often have to learn that many of the behaviors that they are so used to are actually abusive and unacceptable.

How To Stop Sounding Like An Owl & Create A Blame Free Home - by Tina Louise Balodi for "Kids in the House"
(I talked about this article in the post)

There’s Always Someone to Blame: Wisdom from Brene Brown - by Elisha Goldstein, Ph.D. for Psych Central

Curbing the Blame Game and Getting Rid of Excuses - by psychologist Henry Cloud for "Focus on the Family"

note: should only be used when the siblings are fairly civil, and you want to minimize conflict between them, not when sibling abuse is present

Are You a Target of Blame for a Narcissist? (Here are 7 tips for getting out of their crosshairs) - by Bill Eddy LCSW, JD for Psychology Today

11 Ways Narcissists Use Shame to Control - by Christine Hammond, MS, LMHC for Psych Central

Why Does Your Narcissistic Partner Always Blame You? (Learn why your narcissistic mate blames you unfairly and how to handle it) - by Elinor Greenberg Ph.D. for Psychology Today

Note: this article comes with some ideas on how to avoid "the blame game". However, it only works if your narcissist has no sadistic or vindictive impulses and punishes. "The blame game" with "punishments" is hopeless.

excerpt:

... when anything is amiss, they quickly blame someone else. If you are their lover or mate, you are the one that is likely to be blamed—no matter how farfetched this seems ...

... Because narcissists’ inner guiding voice is so critical and harsh, narcissists try to avoid all responsibility for anything that goes wrong. In order to avoid self-hatred, they project the blame onto someone else. If they do not successfully shift the blame, then they may find themselves drowning in a pit of self-loathing and shame ...

How Narcissists Blame and Accuse Others for Their Own Shortcomings - by Darius Cikanavicius for Psych Central

How Narcissists Play the Victim and Twist the Story - by Darius Cikanavicius for Psych Central

Five Ways a Narcissist Comes Unglued - by Christine Hammond, MS, LMHC for Psych Central

Sibling Abuse - from the University of Michigan (Michigan Medicine)

Sibling Maltreatment: The Forgotten Abuse - by Mark S. Kiselica and Mandy Morrill‐Richards for "Journal of Counseling and Development"

(see citing literature for articles)

Sibling Bullying and Abuse: The Hidden Epidemic (Often labeled rivalry and ignored, sibling bullying and abuse cause real trauma) - by Darlene Lancer, JD, LMFT for Psychology Today

Sibling Sadists Versus Schoolyard Bullies (Equal at last!) - by Jeanne Safer Ph.D. for Psychology Today

When Siblings Disagree About Whether They Had a Toxic Parent (Who's right about Mom and Dad? A closer look at family dysfunction) - by Peg Streep for Psychology Today

You Started It! 10 Mommy No-Nos that Fuel Sibling Rivalry - a CBS News article (click the arrows on right to be taken to the other nine). The headings are these, but the explanations are in the article (note: these "dos and don'ts" only work for non-abusive sibling relationships; if there is sibling abuse and you are teaching them to work it out on their own, the abuse will escalate):
1. Mistake: Comparing Your Kids
2. Mistake: Asking Who Started It
3. Neglecting One-on-One Time
4. Mistake: Worrying About Fairness
5. Mistake: Encouraging Tattling
6. Mistake: Not Noticing When They Are Getting Along
7. Mistake: Praising One in Front of the Other
8. Mistake: Always Blaming the Older Child
9. Mistake: Being too Quick to Intervene
10. Mistake: Expecting Harmony