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WHAT IS NEWEST ON THIS BLOG?
October 20 New Post: When Narcissists Pit Children Against Each Other to Win Their Affection, This is What It is Largely About
September 26 New Post: Dealing with Overwhelming Emotions From Narcissistic Abuse, an Introduction. Comes With a Discussion on Dysregulated Emotions.
August 21 New Post: Things Narcissists Get Wrong About Punishing Their Scapegoat Adult Children. Includes Some Discussion on Medical and Emotional Issues in Both.
August 11 New Post: If people don't want to hear what you have to say, it is normal for you to not want to hear what they have to say either. Comes with a discussion on narcissism
July 30 New Post: Is It Possible that Gen Z and Millennials Having to Work 2 - 3 Jobs Is Contributing to the Nationwide Trend of Estrangement With Parents in the USA?
July 21 New Post: Don't Narcissists Care About Hurting You?
July 14 (edited on 10/18/26) New Post: Reviews of "Narcissistic Rehab", "Narcissistic Detox" and "No More Narcissists" on Facebook
June 23 New Post: How I Came to Forgive the Narcissists in My Life (and it may not be what you think)
June 6 New Post: Why Do Sycophants Feel They Need to Follow Someone Who is So Unethical, Power Hungry, Cruel and Narcissistic? Comes with Personal Stories and a Deep Dive Into the Subject.
May 18 New Post: Family Obligation and the Scapegoat. Do You Owe Your Narcissistic Family Anything?
April 26 New Post: An Update: New Studies on Scapegoats of Narcissistic Families, Wills and Narcissistic Parents, Dissociation, and Some Other Topics of Note
April 6 New Post: Why Scapegoats of Narcissistic Families Are Unlikely To Turn Into Sycophants. Part II.
March 29 New Post: A Domestic Violence Situation and Tale - from a well known Canadian Musician.
March 9 New Post: Why Scapegoats of Narcissistic Families Find It Impossible to Turn Themselves Into Sycophants. Comes with a Discussion on Largely Involuntary Independent Thinking, C-PTSD and Healing.
PERTINENT POST: ** Hurting or Punishing Others to Teach Them a Lesson - Does it Work?
PETITION: the first petition I have seen of its kind: Protection for Victims of Narcissistic Sociopath Abuse (such as the laws the UK has, and is being proposed for the USA): story here and here or sign the actual petition here
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Showing posts with label ostracism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ostracism. Show all posts

Thursday, September 3, 2015

the silent treatment is abuse!

name of art: "The Silent Treatment Prison"
image is © Lise Winne
watercolor and graphics, 2015
(for questions regarding use of images or to contract an image for your next article
contact: LilacGroveGraphics (att) yahoo.com)

(Note, this blog is part of a series: 
*The first post is this one: The Silent Treatment is Abuse! 
*The second one is The Silent Treatment and C-PTSD 
*The third one is called Healing from the Silent Treatment)

Many people do not think that the silent treatment is abuse because it can't leave physical scars. But make no mistake about it, the silent treatment is abuse! It is most always defined and categorized as emotional abuse by any reputable therapist, social worker, psychologist or psychiatrist, especially if it is practiced between close family members, such as between a parent and child, between spouses or domestic partners. Long time friends where a lot of intimate details have been shared between two people can be traumatized by the silent treatment. If it is practiced as a way to hurt or punish another family member, victims can get PTSD from it just like any other form of abuse. In fact, it causes as much damage, or more damage, as sexual and physical abuse.

For a list of symptoms and ways to handle the silent treatment go to my blog post here about the silent treatment and PTSD.

Victims can and do commit suicide when they are bullied with the silent treatment, especially if other forms of abuse are present as well, which usually there are (please read my post about what constitutes abuse here).  

The only time it is not the silent treatment is when someone is preoccupied (such as grieving), or finding a topic too hard to deal with or focus on. But most people use the silent treatment for one purpose and one purpose only: to punish, as a threat, and to gain dominance and control of another person. If parents are practicing it on children for extended periods of time (isolating a child as a form of punishment), Child Protective Services should be notified. If the silent treatment is being practiced between adults as a form of punishment, there is no question that it is abuse, and proper measures should be used to protect yourself, or to exit the relationship. According to this wiki article the silent treatment is abusive if it is being being used as:

    * A desire to inflict hurt. This person wants to teach you a lesson. Sometimes what is worse than hearing another's feelings, emotions and concerns is to hear nothing at all. If the attempt is to ostracize you, it can easily become a pattern of emotional abuse. This is subtle yet very real bullying. It may be a one-off, or it may be habitual.
    *Control, manipulation and intimidation. This may occur if the person has a personality disorder, such as narcissism, or is simply someone who must dominate but refuses to communicate properly. It could be about testing your boundaries too, to see how much this person can get away with. If this person is close to you, it's possible that you've been subjected often to emotional abuse, and that this person is a habitual offender.

How does the silent treatment make someone feel who uses it? From the book Ostracism, the Power of Silence, Kipling D. Williams interviews a 65 year old woman who enjoys using it on a consistent basis:

I use the silent treatment whenever there may be a fight or confrontation. The silent treatment accomplishes for me all the things that fighting does for other people: control, power and punishment. It gives me pleasure and I'm in control. I also think it is funny how people grovel. I never feel guilty or ashamed ...

However, in the greater society, especially in the present day, it is considered shameful to use the silent treatment on others, particularly on a family member or friend, or in school. There is so much awareness about the silent treatment and other forms of emotional abuse, particularly since schools are teaching students what constitutes bullying, that most young people view its practice as Neanderthal: on the same level as bigotry, Klu Klux Klan lynchings and Nazi gatherings. In school anti-bullying seminars, the silent treatment is taught as a very immature three year old control tactic, where if Suzy-Q doesn't get her own way in the sandbox all of the time, she gives her friend the silent treatment. It is also taught as an exclusionary tactic, with some form of bigotry at its core; i.e. "you aren't good enough to play with us."

Mainly, it is thought to be used primarily by yesteryear throwbacks: people with a great deal of ignorance, aggression, bigotry and stupidity. It would probably have been covered in All in the Family if the show were still running today. Very old black and white films feature women who give men the silent treatment to get their own way.

In schools with children, it is taught as the first sign of bullying. A bully's main objective is to isolate a victim by shunning him, and what better way to do it than to let him know that he isn't good enough to associate with. A bully will often think that his clique are the cool kids, the ones who dress, act and are better than other kinds of kids (bullies and adult abusers are arrogant and believe they rank higher than others).

From there, manufactured stories or erroneous blaming are commonly used to build a coalition of bullies or assistants to bullying. Manufactured stories and erroneous blaming in the childhood atmosphere might include "You're missing your notebook? I think he took it" (he, meaning the victim). In fact, at every opportune moment, when things go wrong, the finger is pointed at the victim. In the teenage atmosphere this might be "I think she is trying to take your boyfriend. I saw her flirting with him."

They also practice forms of bigotry by labeling the victim in derogatory ways: "different, smelly, snake, fat, stupid, goon, dweeb, crazy, yucky, retard, a nothing, a buffoon, waste of a human being, a monkey" and so on. They make fun of the victim in this way behind the victim's back (for awhile). From there it escalates to saying these things right to the victim, using a whole coalition of bullies to drive home all of the various denigrating messages. Anyone who is a friend to the victim either gets the bully treatment too, or they are given the talk: "Do you know who you're talking to? He's the one responsible for taking all the missing notebooks in school" or "I saw him pee-ing right in front of the entire school on the front lawn!" "He's a retard. You should hang with us." "Don't you know that he has to go to a therapist to baby cry? He's a wack-o job!" "He's a dirty hippie. You want peace and love? Well you'll be beaten up too."

This is particularly devastating to a victim. The bullies attempt to work on the friends and siblings of the victim to further isolate the victim. The victim may become paranoid, unable to trust others. He usually becomes depressed and hypervigilent too. Hypervigilence is a beginning sign that a victim is just starting to get PTSD, a condition which will make it hard for a victim to learn and concentrate in class.

Who can learn when the brain is seized with fear, and pre-occupied with keeping safe?  

This is why many bullied victims and victims of domestic abuse have low grades or grades that are drastically falling.   

Once the name-calling becomes routine, it is common for the abuse to escalate to threats and physical abuse.

Threats might be: "You're going to do as I say or there will be dire consequences for you -- and your little sister over there." "Do you hear me? You're going to rub your snot on that girl's binder, or we're going to have a little meeting of minds after school." "You're going to give me the answers to that exam, and if I fail, I know where you live!" "See that guy over there? The one who is six foot six? The one who has the big muscles? He will do anything for me. And he'll grind you up like hamburger if you don't let me put this (drug) in your locker."

Physical abuse might mean a subtle push in a school hallway (to send a threat), throwing papers and other trash at a victim (common), to out-right physical assault with bruises and cuts or damage to organs.

Like a prisoner of war who is constantly beaten, a child can often feel he cannot escape. He cannot be safe. The symptoms of PTSD become unbearable. He has nightmares about his abusers. He cannot sleep. He cannot focus on his studies. He is failing. When he is called on in class, he appears distracted, as though he is daydreaming. No one likes him. He is beginning to believe in all of the insults. The victim can feel that his only escape is to commit suicide.

Suicide is much more prevalent among victims of bullying, than perpetrators of bullying, by-standers of bullying, or children who have not had any first-hand experience with bullying at all. If there is a lack of support at home, or if the parents or siblings are practicing domestic abuse, the combination of school bullying and domestic abuse can be devastating for a victim. All of it can push a child's mind into the realm of suicide ideation.

According to this info-graphic by Nova Southeastern University's Masters Degree in Education Program, "around half of children's suicides in Britain are related to bullying".

The story of Pheobe Prince (an Irish girl who was isolated, slandered and bullied in a Massachusetts school, who committed suicide, and where her bullies were subsequently tried and convicted) and three gay bullied teenagers who committed suicide brought the issue of bullying to the forefront of school policies.

In recent years in much of the country, part of preventing school bullying are the very popular bullying seminars for children. And ... one of the first signs of school bullying is shunning and isolating (the silent treatment).

The silent treatment as practiced in the family follows a similar trajectory as school bullying. Say, a parent gives the silent treatment to his child. Then he might enlist the other parent to co-bully or to assess in some way. Name-calling, insults, erroneous blaming (in desperate cases a "look" on a child's face is used to "punish" a child), vilifying, slander, favoritism via golden child and scapegoat, and other forms of abuse are used. But usually it starts with the silent treatment.

The silent treatment is abuse because it is being used to hurt the child, and the way that it hurts the child is extremely detrimental to the child as well as the relationship between the child and the adult. According to this article, Kipling D. Williams, PhD, a professor of psychology at Purdue University who has studied ostracism for twenty years, has stated that the cingulate cortex part of the brain responds to the silent treatment as if it was a physical pain.  

Other forms of discipline are much more effective and less detrimental. Silent treatments between a parent and adult child are always labeled as abuse. It is also often labeled in many journals as the worst form of emotional abuse, with studies revealing that it does as much damage to a child as sexual abuse. Why? Because the message behind the silent treatment is: "You don't exist."

Not all goes well for the perpetrators of the silent treatment either. It is clear from reading Ostracism, the Power of Silence by the same researcher (Kipling D. Williams, PhD)., that the silent treatment has very few rewards for anyone. The perpetrators are eventually seen as bullies, and avoided (shunned right back) for being intransigent, intolerant and single-minded. Since perpetrators treat their victims with callous disregard, as though the victim is dead or sub-human, it is hard for anyone to respect, feel compassionate about or have warm feelings for a perpetrator of the silent treatment, even when the perpetrator is on his knees, begging for forgiveness. If there is a history of silent treatments, or the silent treatment goes on longer than a couple of months, victims overwhelmingly never trust their perpetrators again. The damage has been done. With very little respect going towards the aggressors, this creates a conundrum as to the effectiveness of the silent treatment as a tool for manipulation. Often it is the abuser who comes to the realization that the silent treatment is too painful, enervating, heartbreaking and is leading to his own alienation, dejection and depression.

That is, unless the abuser doesn't feel empathy or have a conscience, the harbingers of Narcissistic Personality Disorder or Antisocial Personality Disorder. In the case of narcissism, the narcissist will never be able to understand why a victim wouldn't want them in their lives, or why a victim wouldn't trust them. That is because they think they are desirable no matter how abusive they are.
 
Unfortunately, a great majority of people who use the silent treatment for more than a few days do have Narcissistic Personality Disorder. In this article, the narcissist employs the silent treatment as a way to punish others:

People with narcissistic tendencies (e.g., “I will punish you if you reject me, have any complaints about me, or suggest that I am lacking in any way.”), and people with antisocial tendencies (e.g., “If you cross me or disrespect me you will pay for it and I don’t care how it makes you feel.”) also use silent treatment. -- Dr. Steve David, clinical psychologist, Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department Of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles

There’s a certain high that comes from wielding the silent treatment as a communication weapon, “Let me see this person beg for my attention, squirm to fight their way back in.” ... Often, this feeling is what compels people to repeatedly use the silent treatment–because it feels so good to see someone beg, plead for attention. -- Yashar 

After a narcissistic silent treatment, at some point, the narcissist will want to hoover his victim back in again with false promises, false motives and false concern. According to this blog post by Zari Ballard:

The hoover usually follows a silent treatment (which is really a break-up in disguise) and comes long after the victim has been completely devastated by the silence. The narcissist may hoover in several different ways and for various reasons, with each hoovering event staged according to that pathological relationship agenda he lives by. This is an agenda that I am all to familiar with and one that I describe in detail in my book When Love Is a Lie.

In this article, the silent treatment (unhealthy) is distinguished from a cooling off period (healthy):
Usually the silent treatment occurs when you do something that the abuser does not like or approve of in their book. Or when you dare to disagree with them or actually point out something wrong that they did. And then Wham, you get punished by them not speaking to you for days ...
Do not confuse the silent treatment with something known as “the cooling off period”. The cooling off period is where one person is so angry or disgusted by the other person that they just cannot deal with the situation in that state, and need time to calm down before they begin to speak to this person. That’s normal and should be allowed in a relationship. But purposely ignoring and refusing to hear or talk to a person is wrong, intentional, manipulative, and demonstrates extreme calculation and cruelty on how to hurt another person... -- Patricia Jones, M.A.

In this blog post, the silent treatment is labeled abuse because there is "no closure" or "chance at reconciliation":

The silent treatment is a form of erasing someone from the abuser's existence without the benefit of closure or a good bye or a chance at reconciliation. -- Greta Ella



On a deeper level, there is really a power struggle going on for the partner who has lapsed into silence. The silent treatment is really the expression of lots of aggression. The ultimate goal of the strategy is to win. The silent partner is expressing rage in a way that is passive aggressive. This is designed to get attention and to provoke feelings of guilt. Winning means that the target person admits to having committed some type of offense for which they are now begging forgiveness.

The paradox in this situation is that ultimately gets provoked is anger ...

Because the use of this passive aggressive weapon is so damaging to relationships ... Stonewalling does not promote intimacy, trust or marital and relational happiness.



The silent treatment can be intimidating and isolating, leaving a person at a loss as to how to cope and baffled as to why the person they love would want to be so cold and immature as to engage in such passive aggression over the smallest thing. They may spend many hours trying to understand things from the abuser’s perspective in an effort to reason with them and resolve things, often to no avail ... Regular occurrence of silent treatment is a slow but sure path to deep seated resentment which can be a death knell to the bond you once shared with your partner. Whether or not they are fully conscious of what they are actually doing, silent treatment is a form of passive aggressive abuse on the part of the perpetrator. The victim may be unaware that they are effectively being bullied and manipulated. 

This same author suggests taking yourself out of the game:

Some victims have noted their abuser becomes notably happier the more worn down and miserable they become. In order to cope, the victim must appreciate that a silent treatment abuser thrives on observing the negative effect they have on their target. Therefore it is necessary to stop “feeding” their desire for control and power.

This means NOT giving them the satisfaction of seeing the negative emotional affects of their immature behaviour. They can derive a great sense of self importance and triumph if you get irate, annoyed, upset, capitulate/apologise, weep or plead with them to talk to you. Starve them of these rewards for their unjust behaviour and they will likely eventually tire of engaging in the silent treatment and revert more quickly than usual to their normal demeanour ...

When they use sarcasm or will only speak to you in a patronizing manner, instead of getting upset or responding in kind, simply get on with enjoying something on your previously prepared silent treatment “Survival” list of things to do! Let them see that their attempt to rile you is a waste of their time and yours! Remember - do not “feed” their habit. 

In looking through forums on the silent treatment, the longer the silent treatment is practiced on a victim, the more the victim comes to prefer it over talking about the conflict that it originated from. There is a sense that if the silent treatment goes on for too long, the person who gave the silent treatment is psychologically disordered (sick), not reasonable and not worth talking to, especially because it will never resolve satisfactorily: there is a demand behind it (with the insinuation that if you don't give into their demand, they will use the silent treatment over and over again). Most people who use the silent treatment are emotionally childish and abusive in other ways too. So the silence becomes welcomed by the victim because it is better than listening to the perpetrators insults (verbal abuse), gaslighting (psychological abuse), threats (emotional abuse), spinning of the facts (psychological abuse), intimidations (emotional abuse), diverting and blame-shifting (emotional abuse) and intransigence.

This forum poster from the Out of the Fog website states that protecting yourself from a "punishing silent treatment" by removing yourself from relationships with people who practice it can make you feel absolved if you react to the silence with silence because it is protecting yourself from abuse:

Manners are for people who deserve them. Once the abuse starts, all bets are off! I don't think we're under any obligation to continue to be mannerly (AKA lie down and take the abuse) when people are toxic and abusive! "Hold still and let them punch you, dear. You don't want to be difficult." ... No I don't have to hold still...
Taking abuse is NOT taking the high road. Don't take the abuse -- and yes, the deliberate punishing silent treatment IS abuse. Protecting yourself by removing yourself from their silent treatment or blacklisting is good self-care and good self-protection, it's not "sinking to their level" either. Punishing is offensive and wrong. No contact is the consequences of THEIR abusive actions and it's good self-care and boundaries.  --
Sasha~ (forum ID)

In fact, the majority of therapists who specialize in domestic abuse, tell their patients to react to a perpetrator who is giving them the silent treatment by going no contact. This is especially the advice given when the silent treatment is practiced by a parent on an adult child, or between marital partners. If the perpetrator is using it to inflict pain and punishment, then there is not much choice other than putting up boundaries and not allowing people who want to use the silent treatment on you into your life, or at the very least, into your inner circle.

Of course, perpetrators will try to convince you that you are giving them the silent treatment right back. But in fact, what you are doing is protecting yourself from their silent treatment by putting up a boundary. Don't forget: they started it! They kept rejecting your overtures! In fact the boundary is about not responding to them when they decide they want you back in their life again; it is a good form of protection.

Dr. Phil in his top ten parenting failures, describes parents who use the silent treatment on their kids as "fumer parents". His quotes: " This is the parent that gives the silent treatment, invokes fear and makes them walk on eggshells." Another one that might apply is the I'm the Boss Parent: This is the “my way or the highway” parents.

Parents who chronically give young children the silent treatment, do it to break down a child's self esteem. The purpose of it is to starve the child of praise and attention, make them fearful of the parent, so that the child will be compliant of all parental wishes, including working very hard for parental approval and love. However, this kind of abuse is detrimental, and even dangerous. Children whose self esteem is too dependent on parental approval, and in keeping the peace in the family, can and do commit suicide, particularly during teen years when it is natural and necessary to forge some independence.

Parents who practice the silent treatment on adult children often end up with children who balk at discussing anything personal or intimate. The relationship becomes shallow, hollow and distant, and often non-existent in cases where the parent is continually trying to challenge the boundary of low contact and no-personal-subjects-discussed. If the parent has Narcissistic Personality Disorder, the parent doesn't know how to respect boundaries. In this case, if they've been using the silent treatment to punish, without being rewarded by the demand behind it, they often end the silent treatment by becoming dangerous stalker parents (which is a gross disrespect of a boundary).

Most children of narcissistic parents, with the exception of the golden favored child, have usually been given the silent treatment throughout their lives, whether following a disagreement, a parental temper tantrum or because the parent didn't feel the center of attention, or favored by the child. If the adult child does not placate the narcissistic parent, then slander and acquiring co-bully family members to discipline or to bring down the adult child, is used by the offending parent. Narcissistic mothers, in particular, have been known to either look the other way, condone or advocate the golden child bullying his other siblings (more about that in this post).

Narcissistic parents who are confronted about the silent treatment by their grown children, often try to sidetrack the issue by trying to inflict guilt on their child. "After all we have done for you! So ungrateful!" is a common one for all abusers, and for narcissists in particular. It sends the message to their adult child that the parent has the right to abuse them with the silent treatment and other abuses because they gave them something. By the way, The "ungrateful" phrase is the most common phrase used on victims by the great majority of perpetrators to get victims to comply (see my post about that here). "You needed to be punished for that look on your face!" is also common for narcissists. The message is that they feel entitled to interpret your facial expressions in a dark way at any time in order to take their rage and abusive tendencies out on you (see my post on erroneous blaming for more information).

Guilt-ing is used when the adult child does not comply with parental wishes as a way to get the adult child to agree that punishments and abuse are needed in some way. In fact, very rarely does the child discipline ever end for narcissistic parents! They have been known to treat sixty year olds like misbehaving four year olds!

If your parent is trying to punish and discipline you as an adult, know that it is inappropriate, toxic, wrong, abusive and may be against the law in your state.

A spouse who chronically uses the silent treatment, or abandons his partner either physically or emotionally, also ends up with a spouse who doesn't trust him, and who eventually leaves him. Some partners use the silent treatment after a heated argument to starve their mates of attention and love. Some partners use a heated argument as an excuse to give the silent treatment and to pursue an affair. Either way, it is a form of spousal abuse.

If your partner seems gleeful and smug about hurting you in any way, your partner probably has one of the following personality disorders, either Borderline, Narcissistic or Antisocial (sociopathic). Normal adults will always be concerned and show concern if they hurt you (normal empathy is present in 98 percent of the population, after all).    

In my own life:

I view the silent treatment as a kind of stinky gas with poison in it ("sarin with a fart", if you like). It is stinky because it is childish, and it is poison because it ruins the relationship and all of the former trust, intimacy and respect that you used to share with that person. It is such an obvious play for power and domination, that it is disgusting. It can bring tremendous grief because it is a realization that the relationship never meant anything to the other person on its own merits. It only meant something to them if they could control you. As in school bullying, the silent treatment by a "loved one" is the first tip-off  to a narcissistic response, a narcissistic person, an incredibly toxic person.

There is no other choice than to retreat. This often means giving up on the relationship, along with hopes and dreams.

One of the things that I have noticed about the silent treatment is that the longer it goes on, the more your own world starts to take over and you forget about the person who wanted to punish you. Being in the moment starts to feel more important than yesterday. As you sit and write the fifteenth letter you will never send them, you realize that you don't want to send it anyway because it would just open up a can of worms again and you know you are dealing with someone who is totally unpleasant and unreasonable to talk to. Many people who use the silent treatment abuse for more than a day or two are not interested in your words, your thoughts, your research, how you want to be treated. They don't want to show respect or be polite. They don't care about the relationship; they only care about getting their own way all of the time, every time. You only exist as their tool to use. The tool has an on/off button -- on for "you are pleasing me" and off for "you are not pleasing me". It is a facile relationship without meaning beyond if you are a marionette for someone else ... no thanks! It becomes more objectionable to communicate with them than to just let them be, wrapped up in their smug silence.

I am a "fixer" and a team player by nature. And believe me, the silent treatment challenges all of that.

The fixer in me doesn't like the way a paint line looks, so I fix it. The fixer in me doesn't like the fact that there are dirty dishes in the sink, so I wash them. The fixer in me doesn't like the way the guitar string buzzes, so I put on a new one. Most narcissists who practice extended forms of the silent treatment aren't fixers: they are "abandon this because it isn't working and go onto the next supply/victim or project" kind of people. They are "You do all the sweaty hard work of fixing this for me because I'm too lazy and entitled, and do it exactly how I want it otherwise I don't want it fixed at all" kind of people. They are "I don't want it fixed; I'm totally getting off on your pain and enjoying your suffering too much to fix it" kind of people. They are high maintenance vampires. All of the narcissistic reactions over time make most people feel sick to their stomach. Dealing with narcissistic silent treatments can be compared to a leaky pipe that keeps leaking no matter how many patches and how much time you put into it -- because the pipe is flawed, not the fixing or expertise.

The team player exists in me because I've been a musician for most of my life. You have to be a good and fair team player to create great music with others. Musicians and artists self-critique and get critiques. That is how they get better at what they do and that is what they are used to. Narcissists can't stand to be criticized even for minutiae. They are the opposites of musicians. They are like the princess and the pea: anything they don't like, whether it be a phrase, an off-handed remark, or even a look can mean they want to punish you. They go into a rage with silent treatments that can last for weeks, months, years, or forever. The more you insist on fairness and team playing, the more they will try to dominate you. It is a no-win situation.  

For people who stonewall any overtures, such as reasonable apologies, invites and gestures to talk it out, or meet together, or to meet with a mediator or therapist if the issue is too big and involves too many people to handle, with the desire to come to some sort of resolution, or even just expressing a desire for a truce, or at the very least agreeing to disagree, reaching out actually becomes abhorrent because you know you will just come up against a brick wall again, or get abused by something else: verbal assaults, erroneous blaming and gaslighting are the common ones. This is especially true for people whose silent treatments send a message that whether you live or die doesn't matter to them, or people who put punishment agendas ahead of everything else in your mutual lives.

Among musicians, we have a phrase called "deal breaker." Some deal breakers include your fellow band member not showing up for a gig that you planned together. Or who put the priority of going with another band at the last moment because they are promised better pay, all of which leave the rest of the band extremely stressed, especially if you practiced together and have complex arrangements with solos. A member who insults other band members also creates undue stress because music is a team effort where respect and trust in your partners is a must. You also have to have the ability to be in the background when it is not your turn to solo. All of these are deal breakers because this is how a fellow musician can ruin it for the band, the audience, the composition, the sound, indeed everything can be compromised. Flakes, egoists and people who have temper tantrums really should not be playing music with others. Narcissism and music do not mix.

So, when someone acts like they've all but murdered you except physically, they really don't deserve your attention. They don't deserve your good heart. They don't deserve consideration. They don't deserve to be in a team. They don't deserve harmony. And indeed, people who practice the silent treatment a lot, and take it to its ultimate, tend to get rid of all of the good people and surround themselves with bad ignorant people, who also think it is good to use tactics like the silent treatment. No one who lives for harmony, enlightenment, understanding, love and helping others is going to be able to stand someone who loves the silent treatment as a weapon (or is a has-to-be-my-way-or-the-highway type of person, doling out emotional abuses 'til kingdom come!). Once you get through the grieving process, believe me, these kinds of people incite disgust, eye-rolling and irritation more than sadness or pain.

Except in the case of cartoons! Yup, I decided that silent treatments were cartoon-worthy (more on this in a later post). Why? Because it is a way to get the point across that it is disgusting in a funny way. I have also noticed that narcissists have a particular liking for cartoons (because they act like children, after all). They are so self centered in their thoughts and deeds that they are funny.

Take Hyacinth Bucket of Keeping Up Appearances. In the series she treats her husband as though he is a doll on a leash who needs to be commanded by her. She chastises him for not following her orders. She also chastises him when he does follow her hair-brained orders because they do not work out the way she had planned, another narcissistic trait that is not too endearing and often infuriating, but it makes great comedy. Hopefully I am contributing to laughs as well, and so can you. The more fun we poke at the practice of self centered-ness, blowing up over criticism, habitual silent treatments, treating mature normal adults as children, victim blaming and narcissism, the more enlightenment we can bring to the condition (hopefully), the more that narcissistic reactions (like the silent treatment) will be even more unpopular and shameful than they are already.

There is no worthwhile reward in talking to someone who habitually gives you the silent treatment. It definitely becomes impossible to reach out knowing they will get satisfaction out of abusing you again, setting up yet another situation where you will have to walk on paper thin eggshells where anything at all can cause them to blow up at you. It is like being on a yoyo: when the yo-yo goes up, you get abused, then when it comes down you start healing, but not enough healing takes place because your abuser tries to hoover you back in, the yo-yo is back up again (more abuse), up, down, up, down. The more cycles, the more bruises that don't heal, the more you are emotionally battered to the point where you can't make sense of your life or how you got into such a terrible situation, the less you do with your life, the more you are just surviving or in recovery mode from all of the abuse ... So unproductive! Such a waste of your life!

These are sick people. It is better to let them fester in their sickness and silence than to be drawn back in to their game. As this wiki article explains:

Do not become embedded in a friendship/relationship by silent treatment.There is a limit to how much you can try to cope with someone who keeps resorting to silent treatment behaviors. Soon, all you are doing is walking on eggshells and pacifying someone who has learned that this isn't such a bad way to control you. Relationships should be balanced. When someone keeps on giving you the silent treatment, they are always taking the "reins" by allowing or not allowing communication. This is a very emotionally abusive behavior. It usually leaves the person who is at the receiving end of the silent treatment frustrated, confused, and angry.
Lay healthy boundaries of what you are willing to accept in your relationships by informing people who use this tactic that you are not going to continue a relationship in that way.


Resources:

Why the silent treatment is abuse and why it is destructive in a close personal relationship -- recommended reading

How to get over the silent treatment

The Deafening Brutality of the Narcissist's Silent Treatment -- the narcissist using the silent treatment as an aggressive form of control and punishment for what his or her partner did. The motivation is about getting the victim to "behave." It is a nasty form of abuse.



The silent treatment as childhood trauma that is difficult to heal from

Why Narcissists Disappear: Hint: It's Not Just the Silent Treatment! -- primarily a post about the silent treatment in a dating relationship

Parents who give their teens the silent treatment end up with teens who are resentful and aggressive. Many teens who have substance abuse issues were on the receiving end of a parent's silent treatment.

The silent treatment as the worse form of emotional abuse.

Time-outs are also becoming unpopular ways to punish small children. Time-outs became an alternative for spanking, and were used as an alternative. However, there is growing evidence that it doesn't work, or solve anything. While time-outs are not the silent treatment (time-outs are minutes, not days, weeks or years), problem-solving is compromised in children. Video explains it. 

The silent treatment used to abruptly end a relationship (typically a dating relationship) without an explanation is sometimes referred to as "ghosting"

Here is a graphic that I thought was pertinent to this day's topic:



Here is a graphic about Narcissistic blame:


A video by psychologist, Judy Rosenberg on The Silent Treatment:


Saturday, April 11, 2015

What are types of abuse? Scapegoating, bullying, verbal abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse, financial abuse, sexual abuse


name of art: "Stop Abuse"
image is © Lise Winne
watercolor, ink and graphics, 2015
(for questions regarding use of images or to contract an image for your next article
contact: LilacGroveGraphics (att) yahoo.com)

The meaning of abuse: to intentionally hurt another person. Some professionals in the mental health field also consider inappropriate control of another person to be abuse too. Inappropriate control can mean: slavery, enslaving, expecting you to provide for their needs and wants and deny or sacrifice your own to your own detriment, telling you what to do that is not in your best interest (with an implied punishment if you do not), telling an adult they can't marry, telling an adult they can't move, telling an adult they can't have children, telling an adult that they will be punished if they go against any wishes of their aggressor, and so on. These are just examples.

Verbal abuse includes: name-calling, insults, defaming, belittling, defining in a negative prejudicial way, trivializing what another person says through an entire altercation, false unproven accusations on a consistent basis, disparaging your character and disguising it as a joke, constant chiding, interrogations meant to humiliate, taunting, goading, yelling and raging, continual use of "always" and "never" statements, baiting, condescending (between adults), patronizing (between adults), talking over you and not letting you speak, responding to your thoughts, views, desires, feelings, expressions (and even happiness) as an irritant or an attack (active link from Wikipedia). The point of verbal abuse for a perpetrator is to disable a victim's self esteem, to get him to think of himself as inferior to others, to get him to think that he does not have the same rights and privileges of kindness as others, to get him to think that he deserves verbal abuse because he is inferior. It may also mean that the perpetrator wants a victim to grovel for relief from verbal abuse. Verbal abuse almost always escalates to emotional abuse. Verbal abuse can escalate to physical abuse if there are threats of any kind. For a more in-depth discussion on verbal abuse go to this post.
For an excellent article on the effects of verbal abuse on its victims go here.

Emotional and psychological abuse: threatening physical or emotional harm, the silent treatment, imposed isolation (keeping you from your friends and family), slander and smear campaigns, destruction of pets or property, brainwashing, gaslighting, shaming, sabotage, scapegoating, favoritism, perspecticide, blaming you for everything that goes wrong in the relationship between you, consistently negatively comparing you with another, punishing (adult to adult), intimidation, manipulation, trying to control your actions through rewards and punishments, bullying (punishing, threatening or verbally abusing you from a position of power), domestic theft, emotionally blackmailing (threats and punishments used to control your behavior or to capitulate to demands), false accusations (unwarranted or exaggerated criticism or blame), frivolous litigation, grooming (maneuvering you into a dependent position that will make you dependent on your abuser, or grooming you to look at abuse as acceptable), harassment (unwarranted and chronic unwelcome communications or actions), infantilization, parentification, stalking, unwanted interrogations, targeted mocking and sarcasm, deceiving, invalidation (of emotions, experiences, so that the victim's perspectives are discounted), mirroring, neglect (ignoring a dependent's needs), normalizing (getting a person accustomed to abuse, or coercion, or breaking the law), objectification (degrading someone as a mere object, or role, or race, etc.), splitting (the practice of regarding others as completely good, or completely bad), triangulating, rationalizing manipulative behavior, vilifying a victim of abuse or bullying, brandishing anger (putting on an act of anger to shock you), expecting you to "walk on eggshells" around their explosive rages and "punishments", feigned victimization (the DARVO tactic), "guilt trips" over erroneous allegations, sexual objectification, impeding or interrupting sleep, expecting perfectionism from you at all times, projection, pathological lying and Munchausen's and Munchausen by Proxy. The point of emotional abuse for a perpetrator is to disable a victim emotionally so that the victim is grieving, sad, upset, depressed, in shock, feeling isolated and unloved, and in general, suffering emotionally from cruelty or unkindness. It may also mean that the perpetrator wants a victim to grovel for relief from emotional pain, thereby making the victim more compliant to the abuser's demands. The point of psychological abuse for a perpetrator is to get a victim to think that he is disabled mentally, to play with the victim's perceptions (perhaps the victim discovers lies, subterfuge and smear campaigns against him), to instill in him that he does not have the same rights and privileges of others because he is "crazy". It may also mean that the perpetrator wants a victim to think of himself as disabled psychologically so that he will accept fault in altercations with the abuser because he is mentally deficient, or lean on the abuser for a sense of reality.
For a more thorough discussion of emotional abuse go here.
For an excellent article on psychological abuse, go here.
Or take the Walking on Eggshells quiz to see how bad your situation is.

According to this psychology article by Melissa Dahl emotional and psychological abuse can be as damaging, or more damaging, as physical and sexual abuse. Parents trying to exert too much control can be the main culprit:
“Psychological abuse” covers a wide variety of mistreatment, including parents bullying kids, exerting excess control over them, or insulting or threatening them; at the other end of the spectrum, isolating or ignoring kids is also considered to be psychological abuse.
According to this Wikipdeia article:
... research shows that emotional abuse is a precursor to physical abuse when three particular forms of emotional abuse are present in the relationship: threats, restriction of the abused party and damage to the victim's property.[44]

A new law in Britain makes emotional abuse and family scapegoating of children illegal; another new law makes emotional abuse in an adult relationship illegal too.

Physical abuse: intentionally hurting you in any physical way, putting you in physical danger, unwanted touching, sleep deprivation, explosive rages which violate your boundaries and make you feel fearful, imposed physical isolation, slapping, pinching, poking, scratching, biting, pushing and shoving, yanking things away from you, hitting, punching, crushing you, shaking you in a rage, blocking you from passing, leaning into you to lecture you (adult to adult), unwanted tickling, putting their hand over your mouth in a rage, domestic theft of personal property, domestic theft of shared property, property damage in a rage, abduction, kidnapping, physical stalking (i.e. following you), drowning, freezing, burning, tripping, poking you in the eye, sexual abuse and assault, sexual touch, keeping you from leaving or staying, favoritism (showing consistent preferential treatment to one person, while physically punishing or isolating you), false imprisonment, purposely cutting you, making you eat or drink when you do not want to, making you shed clothes when you do not want to, forcing you to shake hands with another abuser, physical unwanted handling of you, pushing you into traffic, slamming you up against a wall, pushing you off a precipice, using or threatening with a weapon to inflict personal injury, intentional transmission of disease or toxic substance, poisoning and bunny boiling.

According to this Wikipedia article:

Physical abuse is an act of a person involving contact of another person intended to cause feelings of physical pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm.[1][2] ...

... Physically abused children are at risk for later interpersonal problems involving aggressive behavior, and adolescents are at a much greater risk for substance abuse. In addition, symptoms of depression, emotional distress, and suicidal ideation are also common features of people who have been physically abused. Studies have also shown that children with a history of physical abuse may meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).[3]


How do I tell if someone is abusive? 
In order for a person to be correctly labeled as abusive, it is usually not a once in a lifetime offense or behavior, but a pattern of behavior where the person adopts several verbally abusive traits and several emotionally abuse traits, at the very least. Abusers primarily adopt abuse to dominate another person. They tell them what to do, including how to perceive events ... they also tend to tell the victim what the victim is experiencing, feeling and thinking, without asking for accuracy. This is called perspecticide.
Most abusers interrogate targets for information about their lives often using love bombing and mirroring to get information. Covert narcissists (vulnerable narcissists), sociopaths and psychopaths reveal little information about themselves, however. Overt narcissists (grandiose) will usually try to make the conversation turn back to themselves, often using comparisons to what you have revealed about yourself. The interrogations of the former can prove to be much more damaging than the latter for targets.    
Most abusers practice a cycle of abuse.
Most abusers practice gaslighting, invalidation and perspecticide and, if they are not physically abusive, idealize, devalue and discard (i.e. eventual silent treatments, ghosting, shunning, ostracizing) 
Most abusers have personality disorders (see below).
Abuse tends to be overwhelmingly generational (passing down the generations).

How can I tell how dangerous the situation is with my abuser? And if it is dangerous, how do I get out of it?
Go here where I discuss this topic in depth.
Also, an abuser who is punishing you over facial expressions, a tone of voice or a glance tend to be dangerous. Go here where I discuss this in depth.

Perfectionism: Almost all abusers expect "perfectionism" from their victims. Abusers are known to want "perfect" actions, looks, feelings, and attitudes. They are also known to interpret the attitudes and looks of their victims as an excuse to abuse (punish).

Abusers have been known to take command of telling the victim what the victim is feeling, thinking, and doing and why it is, or is not, perfect enough (or "a punishable offense"). Interpreting in this way is called erroneous blaming, another form of abuse. Erroneous blaming and perfectionism almost always go hand-in-hand. Mocking, put-downs, verbal abuse and gaslighting usually are part of the arsenal of weapons perpetrators use when expecting perfectionism from their victims.

One of the first signs of an abusive family is that the authority figures tell you what you are thinking and feeling. If you are having an argument with them, they also make it known that they don't care what you feel, that your job is to only care what they feel. They also expect you to perform duties to perfection, even when you are no longer a child.

-- more about "perfectionism" from this post.

Financial Abuse:
Financial abuse occurs in 98 percent of abusive relationships. The point of financial abuse for a perpetrator is to disable a victim financially. Additionally, many perpetrators practice financial abuse as a way to get their victims to grovel for money so that the perpetrator can gain power and control over his victim, and can dictate the terms of receiving money, food, travel fare, etc. Go to my post here where I discuss this topic at length.

Child abuse:
Go here for an excellent post on signs of child abuse and what you can do. Child abuse becomes part of a family system and is passed down the generations if it is not stopped. If you grew up being abused or expected to walk on eggshells around your parents, here is an excellent post and another excellent post for moving beyond the experience. Please also see How to Tell if You Have Abusive Parents post and child abuse before the 1980s at the bottom of this post.

Sibling abuse: 
Sibling abuse is the #1 cause of domestic violence.
Go here for a thorough discussion on this form of abuse.

Peer to peer bullying: According the national website on bullying, bullying is defined as:

unwanted, aggressive behavior among school-aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.

According to the same website, bullied victims suffer long lasting health problems for many years. Furthermore, if bullying is not stopped, the perpetrators tend to become more violent:
   
If bullying is not addressed early on, it can mark the beginning of a violent trajectory that can quickly escalate ... In fact, one recent study found that youth who admitted to verbally bullying peers in middle school were seven times more likely than their peers to report physically abusing their dates four years later.

Scapegoating:
Scapegoating is being abused by more than one abuser. Scapegoating is most common in alcoholic and narcissistic families. I have a number of posts written about scapegoating and for scapegoats and you can here. I have also written about scapegoating in alcoholic families here. Or go to my art blog here where I wrote extensively about scapegoating in both alcoholic and narcissistic families.

What does scapegoating look like from a real live person? This forum user described her situation:

As an adult, I was often confronted with my npd-enmeshed parents snarling at me "after ALL we've done for you, you won't do...". I grew up terrorized by my parents ... as a young child, and as a teen, I was terrorized. I was hit. I was slapped. I was screamed at. I was punished for trivial matters, such as perceived "what's that look on your face" insubordination. I was parentified. I had household duties unsuited for a child, then rebuked for not executing them perfectly. I was held responsible for my parents' emotions, and subjected to their rages. I never knew when my parents would ignite, and because I was such a quiet and well-behaved child, I was rarely ever responsible for their rage directed at me. They were stingy, financially and emotionally ...

What they've "done for me" is to create enough anxiety and angst in me to send me to therapy at least four times in my life. When they thought I was seeing a therapist a decade+ ago, when I went NC for first time for several months, both my parents were outraged, offended that I sought help, angered that I was "telling stories" that revealed their true nature ... father was outraged, livid, that I was "getting bad advice from someone" ... My current therapist thinks my parents are "high-functioning sociopaths", and she terms my case as one of the worst she's ever encountered in her many decades of therapeutic practice. And there I was, enduring that cruelty for so many years, so many decades, passively accepting it as my fate and "my duty". 
~ daughter (forum ID)

What does scapegoating look like to an outsider? Usually in families that scapegoat, there is a hierarchy going on. The head of the family practices favoritism to determine how people rank in the system (for a full exploration into the subject, see my blog post on favoritism in the family). Who is favored is largely determined by who most resembles the head of the family, the one making the decisions about the hierarchy. All battles within the family are solved using this system. In other words, person C almost always has to apologize to person A, even if person A is the most culpable and responsible for what happened in an altercation. It is a simplistic form of parenting (or solving family problems) where the person lower in stature is the one blamed. The person on the bottom rung eventually gets blamed for everything. The scapegoat is also the most abused and bullied by the family, to the point where the scapegoat often finds it too painful to stay in the family. Scapegoats can also be ostracized from the family. When ostracism is severe and long lasting, the scapegoat learns to be independent of his family, and as ostracism becomes a pattern for issues large and small, has no desire to be hoovered back in to his dysfunctional family again, no matter what kind of carrot stick is involved. As he tells others outside of the family of his experiences, the rest of his family tries desperately to discount him, often using slander to separate themselves from him. However, there is often a need to fill the void: a replacement scapegoat becomes the next victim and emotional dumping ground. Sibling abuse is chronic and rampant in this kind of family system. Expecting infantilization from the victim, as well as over-compliance, over-reporting when interrogated, pleasing behaviors, accepting abuse are some of the signs of scapegoats. The body language displaying fear and pulling in, is also a sign of victimization of scapegoating. To understand why victims of family abuse and family violence should not be pressured into "making up with their abusers", go to this post where I discuss this subject in depth.  
Does your family act like a judge, jury and executioner and do they act like this?

For a list of all other types of abuse, go here.

Who are victims of abuse? Anyone can be a victim. Perpetrators tend to pick victims they can use in some way or another. Most abusers are addicted to flattery and the power of seduction (depending on what the abuser has to offer, he can seduce with appearance, accomplishments, looks, sob stories, mirroring his victim, through fake compassion and other methods that he thinks his victim will fall for). Many abusers seduce either people who are vulnerable and alone or weakened in some way, or people who are wildly successful so that he can make himself look better through association with that person. The seduction of high status people is different from weakened individuals. In seducing high status people, the main objective is to exploit status, to gain entry into the inner circle, to take credit and bully others out of the way, so that the victim is isolated and relying on him. The traumatized, vulnerable, easy prey kinds of victims generally tend have these characteristics: "people pleasers", nurturing, empathetic, naive, self doubting, overly conscientious, trusting and forgiving, giving benefit of the doubt, submissive and dependent or overly generous, impressionable, vulnerable to declarations of love and insincerity, showing signs they haven't reached the potential they deserve, open about their feelings or lives, with low self esteem and poor boundaries. Sometimes abusive parents groom one child (usually the parent's assigned scapegoat) to behave in these ways, making that child vulnerable in later years to being prey for other abusers (lovers, spouses and coworkers who have picked up on the aura of insecurity).

Who are abusers? Do they have personality disorders?
According to this Wikipdedia article:

Male and female perpetrators of emotional and physical abuse exhibit high rates of personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.[38][39][40] Rates of personality disorder in the general population are roughly 15%-20%, while roughly 80% of abusive men in court-ordered treatment programmes have personality disorders ...

If you are with an alcoholic, heavy drug user, or addict, his or her condition can mimic the aforementioned personality disorders. The difference is that when they give up their drug for good, they do not act like a person with a personality disorder any more unless they have become permanently brain damaged (alcohol can sometimes permanently damage the part of the brain responsible for empathy).

Abusers take great risks and gambles with their relationships, and bet on the fact that their victims cannot live without them. Most victims can and do live without their perpetrators and find ways to escape abuse.

If you have an abusive mother, who you suspect might have narcissistic personality disorder, you can take the "piper test" to assess the level of your abuse and how your mother may still effect you: link here.

Here is a list of five ways a narcissist gets into your head.

Take a not-too serious test about how much narcissism you may posses here.

Children who become abusers are at two ends of the spectrum: 1. they are taught by parents that they are more special than others, or 2. they are abused and neglected children. Most psychological literature points to the fact that abuse is a "learned" personality disorder because most abusers put on "acts" (they can and do seem perfectly normal, considerate and even empathetic in society, but behind closed doors are terrors). It is also thought to be "learned" because the favorite child in an abusive family (usually termed as "The Golden Child" in psychology literature) most often ends up with the same personality disorder his parent has (not always, but it is more common than not, as psychologist Dr. Ramani has declared).

There are also a smaller minority of psychologists and psychiatrists who claim that abusers may have a brain disorder, or a spectrum disorder related to autism and Asperger's, or brain damage caused by abuse at a young age or they have learned to disassociate from relentless child abuse by having two or more personalities (Multiple Personality Disorder). For those who have multiple personalities, one of their kinder personalities is assigned by the person-host to fit into society, to be worthwhile to know, to seem normally empathetic, while the abusive personality who has no empathy at all is the one they assign to their closest family members and partners. Multiple Personality Disorder only shows up in children who have endured extreme child abuse; this would not explain why so many golden children end up being abusers (since many golden children are treated as though they are infallible, many of them being conditioned and groomed to perpetrate abuse, first in the early home against their siblings). It would also not explain why a parent has assigned a family scapegoat(which is typical in abusive households). It would also not explain why similar forms of abuse appear in several generations of the same family.

Perpetrators of abuse use mirroring to seduce, and to be able to sound like others they meet (see my post on mirroring here). They pretend to have compassion, to have the same interests and ambitions, to have almost identical thoughts and feelings as the people they meet. In fact, they can come across as irresistible soul mates if mirroring is perfected to an art form. They use some mirroring and compassion as tools to get information from others so that it can be used against them later (narcissists always blame and punish if relationships aren't going the way they want them to).

But soon the masking, mirroring and all of the other acts begin to slip as they get bored, or feel entitled to something from you, or want to dominate or exploit you. Lack of respect for you and for your boundaries, treating you as though you are a child who needs to hear lectures and learn lessons, or treating you with indifference, indeed showing any signs of emotional abuse are the first signs that you are probably relating to someone with a personality disorder. When they are confronted about their dominating and cruel behaviors, the evil side takes over and expresses extreme forms of revenge and retaliation, with threats and escalation of abuse common. The person on the receiving end is either abruptly discarded or tortured in some manner (either verbally, emotionally, psychologically or physically). Then the mask comes on again when they blame and play the victim. Then they try to get their victims to shut up, terrified that others will see the evil and abuse behind the mask too. The premise for giving you undeserved torture is that it is actually misplaced rage and revenge meant for their childhood caretakers. Abusers may be abandoning and cruel because their caretakers were abandoning and cruel, and that is the only way they know how to treat others who disagree with them or confront them. Their caretakers may have had a personality disorder too, or a drinking problem with anger management issues, or they may have been incestuous.

Whether a child grows up feeling too special or too neglected, abuse is passed and perpetuated down through the generations unless it is stopped. Stopping it is possible if there are many victims within the same family. Enlightenment happens when ostracized abused members bond with one another.

Read the experiment that Kevin Dutton did on stunning the amygdala part of the brain to see what it felt like to be a psychopath (which is the part of the brain that is responsible for empathy, the part of the brain, incidentally, that is damaged in chronic alcoholism). Mr. Dutton, who is a researcher at Oxford, said of his experience:

It’s as if you’ve had a six pack of beer, but you don’t feel the tiredness and sluggishness that go with it. Your inhibitions are gone, but you’re very very alert… A lot of us drive around with a foot hovering over the brake pedal too much. Psychopaths drive around without any thought to the brake pedal at all, with their foot flooring the gas. It was a beautiful feeling, I must say.

However, he also realized the consequences: damaging ones life and the lives of others.
  

Alcohol and abuse: Drinking alcohol can increase the likelihood of violent acts for those with a predisposition to abusive behaviors, according to this article. In some cases, the rate of violence can increase ten fold while under the influence of alcohol.

According to The National Institute on Alcohol Misuse and Crime:

... 40% of state prisoners convicted of violent crimes were under the influence of alcohol at the time of their offense − the more violent the crime, the greater the likelihood that alcohol was involved.

According to this post on crime and alcohol:

Two-thirds of victims who suffered violence by an intimate (a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend) reported that alcohol had been a factor. Among spouse victims, 3 out of 4 incidents were reported to have involved an offender who had been drinking.


Alcohol-involved violent incidents known to law enforcement were more likely to have multiple victims than other violent incidents

About 1 in 5 (19%) alcohol-involved violent incidents known to law enforcement involved a firearm, knife, blunt object, or other non-personal weapon

The rate of violence tends to decrease in older people (40 and over) when alcohol is not involved. However, when alcohol is involved, this age group showed a remarkable increase in rates of violence to the point where this group is on par with 21 - 29 year old offenders.

Alcohol can damage the part of the brain which is responsible for feelings of empathy (amygdala). One of the traits of Narcissistic Personality Disorder is lack of empathy. A link between the disorder and alcoholism has been written about extensively. 

Why do people abuse? According to this trusted link for issues on emotional and mental health (the whole post is well worth reading):

Domestic violence and abuse are used for one purpose and one purpose only: to gain and maintain total control over you. An abuser doesn’t “play fair.” Abusers use fear, guilt, shame, and intimidation to wear you down and keep you under his or her thumb. Your abuser may also threaten you, hurt you, or hurt those around you.

Do perpetrators usually escalate abuse? Yes. (from the same link as the previous):

Domestic abuse often escalates from threats and verbal abuse to violence. And while physical injury may be the most obvious danger, the emotional and psychological consequences of domestic abuse are also severe. Emotionally abusive relationships can destroy your self-worth, lead to anxiety and depression, and make you feel helpless and alone ...

The first tell tale sign that you are in an abusive relationship is that the person tries to control you and what you say and who you associate with. They are forceful about their opinions and insist that you have the same ones. They interrogate you or sweet-talk you for information too soon in the relationship, and too fast, eventually demanding disclosure at all times, whether you want to disclose or not. Demands for disclosure happen as the relationship deepens. Eventually many victims feel fear over the pressure to disclose from their perpetrators (from the same link as the previous):

There are many signs of an abusive relationship. The most telling sign is fear of your partner. If you feel like you have to walk on eggshells around your partner—constantly watching what you say and do in order to avoid a blow-up—chances are your relationship is unhealthy and abusive. 

What are some other red flags of abusers at the beginning of a relationship?
* While many people engage in "me-talk", that is not necessarily a sign of narcissism (i.e. an abuser -- the most common abusers have Narcissistic Personality Disorder). The first tell-tale sign to look for is someone who tries to disparage others while elevating themselves in stories, who tries to make himself look superior to others through bragging and chiding. Another subtle clue is love-bombing (appearing to be obsessed and in love with you). Subtle clever, joking put-downs, coupled with charm and a loving slap on the back or a reach out to squeeze your arm or hand, are also the beginning sign.

If this slips past your notice, here are other red flags:
*in the beginning of the relationship mirrors your likes, dislikes, spiritual persuasions, interests, and so on.
* too intimate too fast
* unusually "touchy-feel-y"
* charming
* Says he was the victim in his past relationships, but has rarely gone to a therapist or any self help groups. Doesn't display the symptoms of PTSD (which is what real victims suffer from), shows few signs of self reflection, while making you seem like you are the person of his dreams that will make everything right in his life again. Takes no responsibility for his role in what happened to the endings of his relationships
* seems to have a lot of expert knowledge about most subjects, yet does very little in-depth study
* seems to take command in situations without hearing your wishes
* tries to get you financially dependent or plays fast and loose with your money or time (conning)
* puts you on a pedestal
* after his ex files for divorce, runs a smear campaign to discredit her
* strategizes
* attempts to be your source for everything, thus subtly trying to isolate you from your loved ones
* spins the facts, always paints himself as a hero
* seems hypocritical (drastic difference between what he says and what he does, as well as how he acts towards others and how he expects to be treated)
* is pleased that he has hurt or is hurting his ex.
* If his ex is going through life tragedies, he reacts with smug satisfaction, power and pleasure, rather than concern.
* suggests ways to make someone else jealous (unlike empaths, abusers feel jealousy intensely; and they also like to provoke jealousy and use it as a weapon)
* can be critical, chiding and insulting of others (often using humor), but will retaliate cruelly if criticized by others
* any signs of sulking or the silent treatment
* any signs of stalking or obsession (poor respect of boundaries and the word, "no")
* tries to make you doubt the intentions of others (to get control of you)
* tries to make you doubt your sanity (to control your perceptions, thereby relying on him for a sense of reality)
* tries to make you look stupid, mentally deficient or crazy around others
* peppers your stories with patronizing comments, unsolicited advice or subtle putdowns
* suggests ways of punishing those who have hurt you (making suggestions to you of  punishing another person or revenge is a sign of an abusive person, whereas normal people will suggest protecting yourself, getting restraining orders, changing locks, learning self defense, being in the company of people who will protect you, getting help)
* tries to get you to accept abuse by minimizing his abuse of you, or making you feel responsible for any abusive behavior
* takes steady steps in the direction of "divide and conquer" between you and your allies or loved ones
* expects others to fight over him, or to compete
* expects from you what he would never expect from himself in a similar situation (the hallmark of all abusers is that they are hypocrites)
* can sound robotic (emotionally flat and uncaring)
* lecturing
* hot and cold
* expects all of his questions answered, expects disclosure at all times, expects every detail to be revealed
* treats you like a child who needs to learn lessons
* two-faced
* forceful, leading, arrogant, imperious, condescending, gets too close (in your personal space), leans into you or wags his index finger while talking, gives you orders, constant unsolicited advice or lectures, insists on making the decisions, insists on scheduling your life and micromanaging your actions
* in a disagreement either insults you or says things like "You're better than that"
* an aura of being exploitative
* tells or retells what your feelings, thoughts, perspectives and motivations are (it will usually sound "dark")
* when drinking, has some of the above signs

How perpetrators practice abuse:
A lot of abusers practice "idealize, devalue and discard". In addition, most abusers practice dominance (wanting to be in charge, expecting compliance), humiliation (trying to make you feel defective, child-like or crazy), blaming you for everything that goes wrong in the relationship, threats (including subtle scare tactics), intimidation and denial (making excuses, blaming abusive behavior on you or on outside circumstances, denying that the abuse occurred, shifting the responsibility of the abuse onto you).

The cycle of abuse goes like this (though there are many variations, depending on the source). This one is from the perspective of the perpetrator:
first: the abuse, second: worried over being caught and excuses, third: tries to regain control of the situation (charm is a typical "weapon" that abusers use, creating a honeymoon phase), fourth: planning and fantasizing abusing you again (uses disapproval, withdrawal of affection, coercion, threats; decides who, how and what to control in your life), fifth: set-up (finds a way to make you pay, creating a situation where he feels he can justify abuse). Back to the beginning: abuse.

What does the discard phase look like for a victim?
Most abusers practice emotional and psychological abuse during the discard phase. However, if the relationship has gotten to a phase of physical violence you are in danger and it is highly recommended that you consult a domestic violence center (privately, without your abuser's knowledge). Even pushing, shoving, leaning into you to lecture at you, physically leading you by the hand or gently touching you on the back to lead you into situations where the abuser is expecting you to follow his orders at all times, are the beginning phases of physical abuse. A domestic violence center will help you exit the relationship safely.

For abusers who practice emotional and psychological abuse, what does the discard phase look like from a real live person? Most often it starts with the silent treatment or total abandonment and rejection without explanation. It is most often sudden. I found this post from an anonymous poster named Cheryl H which sounds like the typical experience:

When the Narcissist has sucked the life out of his victim and she no longer is willing to adore him or idolize him because of the increasing severity of abuse, she begins to fight back to try and regain her self esteem. The Narcissist being paranoid and in need of the constant narcissistic supply, and desperate to keep his illness a secret, must now take measures to do damage control. This damage control is meant to weaken and break the will of his victim. He wants her to be silenced and believe she was the cause of all that was wrong in the relationship. The covert abuse is gone and the game plan is seek and destroy. The Narcissist knows he is on his way to a new supply, or has even found one so, to use the old adage he will be more than happy to "kick her when she is down" so his secret stays safe ...

... The Narcissist knows the true nature of the tete-a-tete and revels in his mastery of the dance. Each phase so well rehearsed and each victim measured and observed to increase the intensity for the next victim. It is a convoluted and cruel relationship, with the Narcissist holding all the power and control and delighting in the game, from seduction to destruction. He is fully aware what he is doing, Yes, he means to hurt because if he can witness the hurt he causes, just like a serial killer this is how he gets pleasure in his unfeeling soul. The Narcissist is bewildered when his victim strikes back and will convey how much this behavior hurts him. He doesn't feel sadness, he feels his "entitlement" has been withdrawn and his grandiose ego is hurt.

How does someone become a victim of abuse? 
Anyone can become a victim.
However, there are kinds of people that abusers generally like to target: victims who are empathetic and nurturing, creative, famous, in the public eye, rich, or alternatively, economically disadvantaged, loners, hookers, the disabled, socially unpopular people, people going through traumatic life experiences, people who are unusually trusting and innocent, people with poor self esteem, children, adults who act childlike, adult children of alcoholics, adult children of borderline personality disordered parents, adult children of narcissists, adult children of the antisocial personality disordered (sociopaths). A huge majority of victims are in the helping professions (see next question: "Who do abusers target?").
As has been said before, victims who come from dysfunctional homes where they are a family scapegoat are particularly vulnerable. Scapegoats become groomed to accept abuse and blame. The blame scapegoats receive is usually erroneous: family members interpret the scapegoat's feelings, thoughts and attitudes in a dark way. They often are abused by "that look on your face" for instance.
When scapegoats protest abuse, or show autonomy, the abusers escalate, often severely, by ostracizing, slandering and withdrawing emotional support, money, affection and support for all life events (weddings, birthdays, graduations, holidays, awards, ceremonies). This is in an effort to keep the scapegoat compliant in terms of continuing to accept blame and abuse from the family. Predatory abusive personalities outside the family pick up on the general aura of trauma and solitariness in scapegoats and find an easy target.
Children who have been sold into slavery by a parent also become easy targets for abusers.
People who have been chronically abused, or who find that they get out of one abusive relationship, only to discover that they are in another, can have Narcissistic Victim Syndrome (a condition phrased by Christine Louis de Canonville).

According to this FBI web page:
The reactions of psychopaths to the damage they inflict most likely will be cool indifference and a sense of power, pleasure, or smug satisfaction, rather than regret or concern ... After interacting with psychopaths, most people are stunned by these individuals’ ruthlessness, callousness, and denial or minimization of the damage they have caused.




Who do abusers target?
Here is one kind of test you can take to see which kind of personalty you are and whether your type of personality is one listed as a personality that abusers target:

INFJ personality types, are the most likely to be targets of abusers. These are generally people in the helping professions: school teachers, nurses and other health care workers, therapists, leaders of causes, writers who study human conditions, yoga instructors, acupuncturists, message therapists and nurturers and do-gooders in general. They are guided by intense morality and feel their purpose in life is to help others. It is the "helping others" mentality that attracts abusers. They can easily be shamed into helping to the point of renouncing all of their own needs and desires. Since they put other people first, they can die trying to be saints, especially to hyper critical selfish abusers. They can also be deeply wounded by being discarded, which tends to happen when they are sick or exhausted, or for any other reason where they can no longer give. Abusers love to send the message that their victims are only good when they are helping, and disposable when they need self care or having a medical crisis.
ENFJ personality types are very much like INFJs except they are more in leadership capacities: altruistic presidents of nations or colleges, carrying the torch for human rights, administrators and coordinators in the fields of rights and protections. Abusers pick on these personality types to take advantage of their altruism and need to help others. Abusers also attach to make themselves "look better" and to be in the spotlight. They love/hate the high profile of these personalities. But in the end abusers don't like to be out-shined, so they will do everything they can to erode and sabotage with erroneous roadblocks, to slander at the least sign of weakness, to get supporters to doubt, and go in for the kill when their targets are facing tragedies or a downturn of luck.
INFP personality types are generally artists, musicians, dancers, researchers, architects and writers. They also show up in mental health fields, innovative healing arts, yoga and as alternative workshop leaders. They are deeply contemplative. They can be "studio hermits" driven by their work to the exclusion of almost everything else. Morality and principle are their guides, and they parent from that perspective too. They are highly idealistic, altruistic and have a penchant for withdrawal and depression if others take advantage of them or hurt them. Abusers know they can deeply wound these sensitive personality types; this is one reason they are chosen as targets.
INTJ personality types are bookworms and perfectionists. They tend to be in sole entrepreneurial fields like software or mechanical engineering, troubleshooting, freelance consulting, systems analysis, laboratory work, musical instrument repair, computer repair, science or technology innovations, and military strategy and anything that requires intense study with fixing a problem. INTJs become targets of abusers because they are loners and "fixers", and use innovative techniques to get to the bottom of a problem, and they die trying sometimes, especially if their abusers keep telling them they don't measure up and need to try harder. Their "lone" status also makes them an easy target for slander, deeply wounding and disabling their sense of belonging.
Take the fast test HERE if you want to know if you fall into the category of "easy target". The lengthy Meyers-Briggs test is more useful, however, but it costs money.

To find out which professions attract the most psychopaths (abusers) and which attract the least, go to this post here from Time Magazine.

Two people tell me they are the victim of the other. Who is telling the truth? 
Victims generally go to therapy for months or years and are diagnosed with disorders related to abuse like PTSD. They also often attend self-help groups. They usually go into therapy saying "What have I done wrong? Why do I have a target on my back? I don't understand what just happened to me. Have I done something to cause this?" They are often depressed and appear fearful, preoccupied, withdrawn. Their self esteem can appear shattered. If they have grown up in a dysfunctional family, they can display a lack of good sense about boundaries, work hard at their relationships (even if they are abusive ones), and can be "wishful thinkers". Most victims are self reflective.
Perpetrators go into therapy blaming, looking and feeling self righteous, and use a variety of persuasion techniques such as you would find in courtrooms or politics. They almost never show signs of self reflection, and rarely show signs of depression or trauma. They would rather be dead than go to therapy. Self help groups also don't generally have perpetrators in them. If they feel like they are being criticized (or critiqued) by a therapist, they often stop therapy abruptly, and in a huff, unless the courts or Child Protective Services has required them to be there. They use therapy to explain their side of an argument, why they are not at fault and why their victims are. It's all about deflecting, subterfuge, rebutting, twisting and faking out. In fact, the telltale sign is that everything that has gone wrong in their lives is someone else's fault. They go into therapy saying things like: "He (or she) is crazy! He doesn't have a good grasp of reality." They use excuses for control and domination such as their victims having a psychological disorder, or a disability, or they are too old or young, or they aren't smart or developed, or they need the perpetrator's protection, or any other excuse where the perpetrator feels they might get approval and backing for being bullying, dominating and controlling.
Other favorite phrases of perpetrators are: "He (or she) made me do it!" or "I needed to do it for my own self preservation," or "if he didn't act this way, I wouldn't have hurt him" or "I couldn't deal with his version, so I refused to talk to him" or "I would never say or do such a thing!" (many times), or "They have such a vivid imagination" or "anyone would act that way under that much stress", as excuses for why they are, or were, abusive and controlling.
Perpetrators are either condescending, patronizing, lecturing, passive aggressive, overtly or covertly bullying, needling, using insults as comedy, keeping their own motivations close to the chest, tell stories that don't measure up ...  or they act like children who have been caught with their hand in the cookie jar. They rarely show adult behavior in the way of deep self reflection, respecting others, allowing autonomy and differences, showing interest in a different perspective, being good researchers and listeners, discussing things as a way of understanding another person, researching family dynamics, or playing fair (team-playing).
When confronted, they either interrupt, deny, condescend, leave the room or give the silent treatment. A long history of diverting, deflecting and blame-shifting is evident in their relationships.
Victims are often self effacing and make excuses for their perpetrators' abuses (Stockholm Syndrome ... here is another link). Some victims can act childlike too: co-dependent, eager to please, listening to inappropriate-for-their-age lectures, innocent and unassertive, accepting more blame than they should, overly forgiving, often financially dependent in some way (with signs in their mutual history that their abuser has withdrawn money suddenly or stolen something as a form of punishment), and fixated about not being loved. The big difference is that victims are capable of respectful communication (rarely showing arrogance or retaliatory behaviors), and are content that others have autonomy and differences. They are team players and not particularly invested in their egos (i.e. they don't take credit without spreading the credit around to everyone).
Many therapists can tell the signs right away from these cues.
(Note: sometimes people can show signs of both perpetrator and victim: that can mean they are from an abusive family and have learned both styles of coping).
Another post I liked on the subject came from ANA (After Narcissistic Abuse website).

Are abusers capable of reforming their ways?
It is a complicated issue.

Therapy where the abuser(s) and victim(s) are being treated together in order to save the relationship are disastrous and can exacerbate abuse. Abusers use the opportunity of therapy to put all of the failure of the relationship onto their partner by saying that he (or she) is insane and needs help. Link to an article about that here.

Anger management courses don't seem to work with emotional abusers and batterers. Anger is only a bi-product of abuse. The real problem is domination, control and lack of empathy.

The National Domestic Violence Hotline has this to say:

While people do have the capacity to change, they need to deeply want to and be committed to all aspects of change in order to begin to do so — and even then, it’s a lot easier said than done.

In discussing why abusers abuse , it is clear that a lot of the causal factors behind these behaviors are learned attitudes and feelings of entitlement and privilege — which can be extremely difficult to truly change. Because of this, there’s a very low percentage of abusers who truly do change their ways.

Very few services recommend couples or family counseling, and, in fact, treats victims separately from perpetrators. 

Some of the ways to tell whether an abuser wants to change (or is changing) is:
* is he completely admitting to what he has done?
* has he stopped blaming you for his abuse?
* does he fully admit and understand that reacting abusively was his choice?
* if he has gone through a program, does he demand credit for recovery, or is he humble about his achievement?
* is he willing to share power equally with you?

Abusers who are out to dominate their victims, who are obsessed with power and control, are jealous and possessive, who have victims who are financially dependent on them are the most resistant to change. Abusers who are not as invested in power and control, who primarily have poor relationship and conflict resolution skills, are the abusers who can be treated more effectively.

David Adams, a psychologist and co-director of a Boston-based abusers’ education and intervention program, Emerge, has this to say (from this Salon article):
The first part of the program provides very basic education about what abusive behavior is. And that’s important because a lot of abusers don’t think what they’ve done is abusive. Yelling, name calling, undermining her reputation, isolating her socially — even things like punching holes in a wall. A lot of people don’t think of this as constituting abuse.

So we educate them about this, how the abuse impacts their victim, their children ...
... The essence of our program is really teaching empathy. Because if you had to identify a core personality characteristic among most abusers, it would be narcissism. A lot of people think of rage when they think of abusers. They think of people who are angry. But for a lot of abusers, that’s not the issue. It’s control, a sense of entitlement. Part of what narcissists tend to do is take any kind of disagreement as a sign of betrayal. They are really big on loyalty. They blame other people for their problems.

I like to describe empathy as a muscle that gets stronger with use. Most abusers have very flabby empathy muscles, so to speak. Part of what we do is have them report ongoing interactions with their partners and then ask the other men in their group to see it from the partner’s perspective. Because it’s easier to spot other people’s abusive behavior than your own abusive behavior. We really engage them in that process.

One of the main challenges to recovery is that abusers are manipulative. As David Adams goes on to say:

... one of the ways that abusers manipulate is to put on a big show of remorse. A lot of perpetrators cry more than their victims do. Clergy often see this as a signal that things are changing, they’re overly impressed by that. But for narcissistic abusers, they aren’t crying about their victims. They are crying about what happens to them.

They have this saying in Alcoholics Anonymous, “Fake it till you make it.” A lot of real change starts with phony change, really. Anyone who has problems they don’t want to address — their initial efforts to change are often not very sincere.

That’s kind of standard. I think the important thing is that people be clear about what real change is, so we can have consistent expectations. We send a brochure to the partner that says, “How do I know that he’s changing?” Can you get angry at him without him getting more angry?

Most abusers will apologize once or twice, but if they don’t get immediate results, they will take it all back and say, “You’re the problem.” I think we help victims to be more savvy.


Dr. Adams's program has a high rate of success. Other programs have a success rate between a quarter and a half. 

As with addictions and drugs, punishments and jail time are very unsuccessful at reforming abusers.

When victims ask their perpetrators to get help, many abusers become more abusive at being challenged. All that many perpetrators want is for their docile little mouse to be back into a subservient role, not questioning them or their motives, and behaving in the way the abuser wants them to behave. Compassion, or learning how to be compassionate, and being committed to their relationships, is the only way that abusers get better.

According to the non-profit organization, The Women's Center, most victims leave their abusers:

Most victims of domestic violence leave their abusers, often several times. It may take a number of attempts to permanently separate because abusers use violence, financial control, or threats about the children, to compel victims to return ... Since the risk of further violence often increases after victims separate from their abusers, it can be even harder for victims to leave if they cannot obtain effective legal relief. Victims who receive appropriate legal assistance at an early stage increase their chances of obtaining the protection and financial security they need to leave their abusers permanently.

If you are a victim of emotional abuse, it is important to learn how to set up boundaries and of finding ways to move beyond the relationship. Counselors for victims tell their clients to work on themselves and to become independent of their abusers. The greater majority of abusers do not want to change. Also, abusers only change if there are consequences to their abusive behavior. If victims are always abandoning relationships with them, or insisting on tough boundaries and non-abusive ways of communicating, abusers may want to change. Changing makes good sense not only to them, but to keep it from being repeated down through the generations. If victims cave in, they will insure that abuse will be perpetuated.

If you are a victim of physical abuse, it is important to contact a domestic violence shelter to help you get the protection you need before making steps to leave. According to The Salvation Army:

  ... about 75 percent of the time, victims are murdered either while they’re in the process of trying to leave their abusive partners or after leaving ... thus the importance of having safeguards in place.  

Is there any fallout for abusers, or do they just keep going from victim to victim, letting themselves off the hook throughout their entire lives by telling themselves and everyone else that everything was their victims' faults? 
Many abusers gamble away too many relationships and get caught too many times to get away with their behaviors forever. While some abusers go through life with their masks of deception on, running away from people who have caught onto them, the greater majority come to a point where narcissistic supply has dried up. At any rate, their lives are not authentic lives of creativity, meaningful deep relationships, joy, integrity, deep understanding and fulfillment. They live shallow lives, paranoid, looking for the next fix of flattery, the next high profile person to latch onto, the temporal, illusory feelings that will make them feel superior to everyone else again. Many abusers live for high stakes, for the moment only, getting thrills from the pain they cause others, and end up abandoned, alone and lonely, shunned for their lack of integrity and exploitation of others. They become reviled and exposed by people with morals. Many abusers discard so many of the good people in their lives, that all they have left at the end of their lives are other abusers whom they previously used as lackeys to carry out dirty deeds. These co-abusers and co-conspirators eventually treat their fellow bullies as prey (i.e. live by abusing, die by being abused, much the same way soldiers "live by the sword, die by the sword").

As Carrie Barron M.D. said, addressing this directly to narcissists in this Psychology Today article:

Narcissism feeds self-esteem in that denial covers up (suppresses) limitations so they are not in your face. You do not have to feel weakened by them or make the tiresome effort to change. Inflated self-esteem keeps you psychologically intact, organized and safe. If others are attracted to your strut and charisma, you can breeze through life with a facile ease.

But there is a problem. True narcissism is a defective solution. It is a flawed defense, an unsound shield.


Child abuse before the 1980s:
Many people who suffered child abuse before the mid 1980s may have been misdiagnosed with other mental illnesses. This is because mental health professionals were looking at patients who exhibited emotional and mental disturbances as being "internal-generating" instead of "outside-generating". Psychologist Alice Miller was instrumental in changing how the mental health field judged mental illness. She saw that many children who were abused and neglected were being labeled with disorders like Aspherger's, Schizophrenia and neuroses. Being mis-labeled with these disorders exonerated parents, siblings or others in a child's life who were abusive or neglectful. Many mental illnesses and emotional disabilities are now being attributed to childhood abuse and traumas. This started in the mid-1980s with child abuse detection being taught to mandated reporters (teachers, school bus drivers, school administrators, therapists, police and others who work with children or families).


"Narcissists Destroy Who they Cannot Control" video:
(by Smakintosh)



remember children:
Thank you to the Plight of Women website for sharing this blog post with their readers